cisco dmvpn ospf configuration

First I will remove the static neighbors: Lets change the network type on the tunnel interfaces: We do and the advantage of point-to-multipoint is that you dont have to worry about a DR/BDR election. The total number of configuration lines, if there were 300 spoke routers, is 3900 lines. If you want Hub1 to be the primary and Hub2 to be the backup, then you can set the OSPF cost on the hub tunnel interfaces to be different. Lets continue with OSPF. This makes it easy to design, configure, and modify multilayer hub-and-spoke networks when you are using the DMVPN solution. show ip route command for the secondary path. This command is now needed because the spokes GRE tunnel has changed to multipoint and there is more then one possible destination. If spoke-to-spoke dynamic tunnels are wanted, then you must use process switching on the tunnel interface on the spoke routers. The Spoke2 router receives the NHRP resolution reply, and it enters the 10.0.0.2 > 172.16.1.24 mapping in its NHRP mapping table. an example for configuring DMVPN on hub. Heres the topology we will use: There is one hub router and two spoke routers. This was useful for dynamically advertising the reachability of spoke networks and also to support redundancy in the IP routing network. When using the Internet as the interconnection between the hub and spokes, the spokes also have direct access to each other with no additional cost, but it has been very difficult, if not impossible, to set up and/or manage a full (partial) mesh network. This allows the spokes external physical interface IP address to be dynamically assigned. Here's the topology we will use: There is one hub router and two spoke routers. Setting up and paying for these hard-wired links for internal IP traffic can be time consuming and costly. Also, it is not necessary to configure any crypto ACLs, since these will be automatically derived from the GRE tunnel source and destination addresses. Here's the ospf database and show ip route on the "Spoke" router right after it comes up: I have a static route on the "Spoke" to make sure it uses the LAN connection to get to 192.168.101.5. In the older Frame Relay hub-and-spoke networks this was accomplished by running a dynamic routing protocol like OSPF or EIGRP over the Frame Relay links. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. One of the rules of a P2P interface is there can be at most 1 OSPF neighbor. locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and This is not important with small numbers of spoke routers, but it does become critical when there are more than 50 to 100 spoke routers. The following is an example for configuring DMVPN on spoke 1. The hub will then start sending dynamic IP routing multicast packets to the spoke (if a dynamic routing protocol is configured). It does mean that when both hubs are up, only Hub1 is used. addresses. The eigrp config on both sides was this: The Spoke router thought he brought up the neighbor, but the hub router never saw any hellos. When the spoke router starts up, it automatically initiates the IPsec tunnel with the hub router as described above. The OSPF areas on the spoke routers have been changed to area 1. This means that a spoke router will have enough information to dynamically build an IPsec+mGRE tunnel directly to other spoke routers. The configuration on the spoke routers does have the IP address of the hub router configured, since it needs to initiate the IPsec+GRE tunnel. The Hub site however is not seeing the hello's sent by the spoke. Note:With this configuration, the spoke routers must initiate the mGRE+IPsec tunnel connection, since the hub router is not configured with any information about the spokes. with PfR and simplifies route control across any transport. The metric on the routes advertised by the hub routers will still be such that the correct primary hub router will be preferred. This section describes the current (pre-DMVPN solution) state of affairs. 192.168.101.5 how is it seen by spoke just after OSPF goes up on mGRE? EIGRP will, by default, set the IP next-hop to be the hub router for routes that it is advertising, even when advertising those routes back out the same interface where it learned them. This is done by setting the OSPF priority to be greater than 1 on the hub and 0 on the spokes. CCNP CISCO TUTORIAL #57. The following command in the IPsec crypto map specifies that the security association will be per host. It covers how to use OSPF over the top of DMVPN. The dual hub with dual DMVPN layout is slightly more difficult to set up, but it does give you better control of the routing across the DMVPN. leaving each tunnel. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. RP/0/ RP0 /CPU0:router (config-ospf-ar)# prefix-sid index 1001 RP/0/ RP0 /CPU0:router (config-ospf-ar)# prefix-sid absolute 17001 Configures the prefix-SID index or absolute value for the interface. You can also run IPsec in transport mode and save 20 bytes since GRE has already encapsulated the original data packet so you do not need IPsec to encapsulate the GRE IP packet in another IP header. DMVPN supports IPsec nodes with dynamically assigned addresses (such as Cable, ISDN, and DSL). No matter how the networks change at either end, the GRE IP tunnel packets will not change, so this ACL need not change. This packet will be picked up by the other-end IPsec peer, which will respond to the first peer. In the above configuration, ACLs are used to define what traffic will be encrypted. There are NHRP unicast and multicast mappings configured for the hub router. The spokes external physical interface and the mapping to the spokes tunnel interface IP addresses are learned dynamically by the hub via NHRP. Topic, Cisco This technology supports Note:The dynamic routing protocol only runs on the hub and spoke links, it does not run on the dynamic spoke-to-spoke links. 09-09-2010 You are exactly right. GRE tunnels do support transporting IP multicast and broadcast packets to the other end of the GRE tunnel. paths. This means that a dynamic routing protocol can be used, and redundant hubs can be supported by the protocol. Well go for best practices and use a different area number for the DMVPN network: It does and the spoke routers have been elected as DROTHER, thats goodwe dont want to see DR or BDR here. Put spokes in totally not so stubby area (NSSA) area if possible. The DR must have access to all members of the NBMA network. When they are not co-located, normal dynamic routing will likely end up preferring the correct hub router, even if the destination network can be reached via either hub router. DMVPN PHASE 2 WITH OSPF. This defines the hub and spoke routing or neighbor network. The combination of these three commands make it unnecessary for the spokes external physical interface IP address to be configured. The issue described in the second bullet above is still there, but since you have two p-pGRE tunnel interfaces, you can set the delay on the tunnel interfaces separately to change the EIGRP metric for the routes learned from Hub1 versus Hub2. When using GRE with IPsec, the GRE tunnel configuration already includes the GRE tunnel peer (tunnel destination ) address, which also is the IPsec peer address. Note:When using dynamic crypto maps, the IPsec encryption tunnel must be initiated by the spoke router. show ip route command. I tried to use eigrp, but with no luck. Not only are these two similar, but all of the spoke router configurations will be similar. Multiple p-pGRE interfaces on a spoke router can use the same tunnel source IP address, but multiple mGRE interfaces on a spoke router must have a unique tunnel source IP address. Unless noted otherwise, The following is a standard point-to-point IPsec+GRE configuration. IWAN as a whole is transport independent along with the The primary things to notice about the spoke configurations are: The external physical interface (ethernet0) IP address is dynamic via DHCP. Since OSPF is a link-state routing protocol, there are not any split horizon issues. Ive showed this in the OSPF configuration for phase 1 and 2 before. This is large enough that it would be difficult to show the configuration and to find the section of the configuration that is relevant to a current problem that is being debugged. Without the direct link between Hub1 and Hub2, Hub2 would not participate in the OSPF routing when Hub1 is also up. OSPF was designed expressly for IP networks and it supports IP subnetting and tagging of externally derived routing information. you need to have external IP addresses not advertised over the tunnel, first, I recommend to you follow a step-by-step procedure when you need to prove a configuration, as example: 1) Configure DMVPN and later try of prove his stability. OSPF neighbor adjacencies were automatically established and the next hop addresses were correct for spoke-to-spoke communication. This is needed to enable dynamic routing protocols to work over the mGRE+IPsec tunnels between the hub and spokes. Packet is sent from Spoke1 to Spoke2 network via Hub (according to routing table) Spoke1 has this prefix via HUB tunnel IP for which has also NHRP static mapping. For example, a set of retail stores that need to connect to the company headquarters for inventory and ordering may also need to connect to other stores within the company to check out product availabilty. Take another look at the routing table: If you like to keep on reading, Become a Member Now! In the previous configuration, the ip nhrp map multicast command was not needed since the GRE tunnel was point-to-point. case, the routing method installs multiple paths in the RIB, one or more DMVPN allows better scaling in full mesh or in partial mesh IPsec VPNs. The routing protocols are configured in such a way that there is only one primary/regular path and one or more secondary to install the "n1" primary paths as a regular path. Thus, if the networks change on either side of the tunnel, then the other side will dynamically learn of the change and connectivity will continue without any configuration changes on the routers. Otherwise, you will need to use a different routing protocol over the DMVPN. The new spoke router is configured with the hub information, and when it starts up, it dynamically registers with the hub router. devices, involves terminating multiple WAN links on the same device. hubs and all of the spokes. In this lesson, I'll explain how to configure OSPF on a vEdge router. The configuration on the spoke routers is now very similar to the configuration on the hub. Because it's a link-state protocol, each spoke router has to have the complete LSDB of the DMVPN area. The only change in the Hub1 configuration is to change OSPF to use two areas. The following are requirements for the routing protocol configurations. You can also see that 1.1.1.1/32 shows up as an inter-area route. The Spoke1 router checks the NHRP mapping table for the destination 10.0.0.3 and finds that there is not an entry. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. The configuration above uses two lines to configure the connection to the NHS; Defining the NHS and mapping the tunnel IP to the NBMA address. Perform this task to configure the tunnel. Newer routers support configuring this all on a single line: ip nhrp nhs 192.168.254.2 nbma 172.16.2.2 multicast. OSPF over DMVPN Certifications All Certifications CCNA CyberOps Associate CyberOps Professional DevNet Associate DevNet Professional DevNet Expert CCNP Enterprise CCNP Security CCNP Data Center CCNP Collaboration CCNP Service Provider CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure CCIE Enterprise Wireless CCIE Data Center CCDE All Communities All Topics As stated earlier, currently in a mesh network, all point-to-point IPsec (or IPsec+GRE) tunnels must be configured on all the routers, even if some/most of these tunnels are not running or needed at all times. DMVPN juga menggunakan media bernama HUB yang berfungsi sebagai media perputaran paket, sehingga lebih terenskripsi dibandingkan Tunnel . (show dmvpn detail, show ip nhrp, do pings). The spoke will then become a routing protocol neighbor of the hub, and they will exchange routing updates. mesh connectivity over any carrier transport with a simple hub-and-spoke The DMVPN solution provides this and additional capabilities without the hosts having to use Internet routable IP addresses and without having to send probe and response packets. When GRE tunnels are configured, the IP addresses for the endpoints of the tunnel (tunnel source , tunnel destination ) must be known by the other endpoint and must be routable over the Internet. use of multiple WAN transports, as the transport type is associated to the transport, controlling traffic and load sharing. The distribute-list command ensures that the spoke router can only advertise its own routes. Perform the following task to configure BGP routing process. On the spoke router, the set peer and match ip access-list commands are configured. or reach their maximum bandwidth limits. The DMVPN Multiple If you want to use both hubs by balancing the spokes across the hubs, with failover protection and no asymmetric routing, then the routing configuration can get complex, especially when using OSPF. Will it work better for DMVPN phase 3? 2) Configure OSPF and prove his stability. This command is used to define the parameters for the IPsec encryption on the spoke-to-hub and the spoke-to-spoke VPN tunnels. Hub (omitting hellos from other peers (2)): Sep 9 08:27:37.647: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 192.168.247.1 on Tunnel0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired, Sep 9 08:27:40.322: OSPF: Rcv hello from 192.168.250.1 area 0 from FastEthernet0/0 192.168.101.2Sep 9 08:27:40.322: OSPF: End of hello processingSep 9 08:27:52.745: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 2 on Tunnel0 from 172.168.110.1Sep 9 08:27:52.749: OSPF: Rcv hello from 192.168.247.1 area 2 from Tunnel0 172.168.110.2Sep 9 08:27:52.749: OSPF: Send immediate hello to nbr 192.168.247.1, src address 172.168.110.2, on Tunnel0Sep 9 08:27:52.749: OSPF: Send hello to 172.168.110.2 area 2 on Tunnel0 from 172.168.110.1Sep 9 08:27:52.749: OSPF: End of hello processingSep 9 08:27:52.773: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 192.168.247.1 on Tunnel0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done, interface Tunnel0 ip address 172.168.110.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ip mtu 1440 ip nhrp authentication growdvpn ip nhrp map multicast dynamic ip nhrp network-id 1 ip nhrp holdtime 600 ip ospf network broadcast ip ospf hello-interval 30 tunnel source FastEthernet0/0 tunnel mode gre multipoint tunnel key 0 tunnel protection ipsec profile GreenDMVPNend, router ospf 10 log-adjacency-changes area 0 authentication message-digest area 2 stub redistribute static subnets passive-interface FastEthernet0/1 network 172.168.110.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 network 192.168.101.0 0.0.0.255 area 0, interface Tunnel0 ip address 172.168.110.2 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ip mtu 1440 ip nhrp authentication growdvpn ip nhrp map 172.168.110.1 192.168.101.5 ip nhrp map multicast 172.168.110.1 ip nhrp network-id 1 ip nhrp holdtime 600 ip nhrp nhs 172.168.110.1 ip ospf network broadcast ip ospf hello-interval 30 ip ospf priority 0 tunnel source FastEthernet0/0.1 tunnel mode gre multipoint tunnel key 0 tunnel path-mtu-discovery tunnel protection ipsec profile GreenDMVPNend. At this point, let us take a look at the routing tables, the NHRP mapping tables, and IPsec connections on the Hub1, Hub2, Spoke1 and Spoke2 routers to see the initial conditions (just after the Spoke1 and Spoke2 routers come up). The set security-association level per-host command is used so that the IP source in the spokes IPsec proxy will be just the spokes current physical interface address (/32), rather than the "any" from the ACL. Here's a redacted config: HUB interface Tunnel0 bandwidth 8000 ip address 10.x.x.12 255.255.255. no ip redirects ip mtu 1446 ip flow ingress ip nhrp authentication cisco123 buildOSPFconfigurationnetworkingOSPF OSPFconfigurationHUB pfSenseLinksys / Cisco; IPv4IPv6 This is useful for three reasons: If the spoke router has its physical interface IP address assigned dynamically (such as with ADSL or CableModem), then the hub router cannot be configured with this information since each time the spoke router reloads it will get a new physical interface IP address. paths for a network. If you want to use both hubs by balancing the spokes across the hubs, with failover protection and no asymmetric routing, then the routing configuration is more complex, but you can do it when using EIGRP. GRE tunnels are used in combination with IPsec to solve this problem. The ip address , ip nhrp network-id , tunnel key and tunnel destination values are used to differentiate between the two tunnels. 09:42 AM. Inline Tagging Support, DMVPN Support for IWAN, Prerequisites for DMVPN Support for IWAN, Restrictions for DMVPN Support for IWAN, Transport Independence, DMVPN for IWAN, Secondary Paths, DMVPN Multiple Tunnel Termination, Configuring DMVPN Support for IWAN, Configuring DMVPN Multiple Tunnel Termination, Example: DMVPN Support for IWAN, Additional References for DMVPN Support for IWAN, Feature Information for DMVPN Support for IWAN, Additional References for DMVPN Support for IWAN, Feature Information for DMVPN Support for IWAN. Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) is Cisco's answer to the increasing demands of enterprise companies to be able to connect branch offices with head offices and between each other while keeping costs low, minimising configuration complexity and increasing flexibility. Note:The offset value of 12800 (50*256) was added to the EIGRP metric because it is smaller than 25600 (100*256). The following figure The dynamic routing protocol will not run over the dynamic IPsec+mGRE links between spokes. The NHRP mappings will expire after five minutes ( the current value of NHRP holdtime = 300 seconds). Overlay Looking at the above configuration on the hub router, you see that there are at least 13 lines of configuration per spoke router; four for the crypto map, one for the crypto ACL, and eight for the GRE tunnel interface. When they are not co-located, normal dynamic routing will likely end up preferring the correct hub router, even if the destination network can be reached via either hub router. Lets see if spoke1 can reach spoke2 directly: No problem at all! DMVPN supports split tunneling at the spokes. You can use either p-pGRE or mGRE tunnel interfaces on the spoke routers. I have configured DMVPN between 2 site with EIGRP and when I read you question on the community, I was to proceed to configure OSPF "area 2" between the two same sites and the adjacency is done and it has stability. The ACL specifies GRE as the protocol, any for the source, and the hub IP address for the destination. The dynamic routing protocol, EIGRP, is run over both p-pGRE tunnel subnets and is used to select one p-pGRE interface (DMVPN) over the other. IS-IS doesnt use IP for routing and NHRP only supports IP for address resolution. The Spoke1 router receives the NHRP resolution reply, and it enters the 10.0.0.3 >172.16.2.75 mapping in its NHRP mapping table. It does allow any spoke to send data directly to any other spoke, as long there is direct IP connectivity between the spokes. There are not any OSPF routes in my Spoke's routing table. Area 0 is used for the network behind the two hubs, and area 1 is used for the DMVPN network and networks behind the spoke routers. The Spoke1 router creates an NHRP resolution request packet and sends it to its NHS (the Hub router). I have all the spokes configured with ip ospf network point-to-multipoint and removed the ip ospf priority commands in keeping with moving to DMVPN Phase 3 config. Prerequisites Requirements Since we use a single subnet on the multipoint GRE interfaces, all spoke routers have to be in the same area. resiliency at a single hub in Cisco IWAN without having to add any network The following is the sample output for the The assumption is that this packet will traverse the intervening network along the same path as taken by the IPsec tunnel packet. This design also matches with older Frame Relay networks since it was prohibitively expensive to pay for links between all sites in these networks. TED can be used in combination with the GRE tunnels as configured in the previous section. These characteristics are mostly the same for all the spokes, except for IP addresses (set peer , tunnel destination ). services running on the overlay. BOG-RT-01#sh run int tunnel 32768Building configuration Current configuration : 745 bytes!interface Tunnel32768 description ### Interfaz de Conexion DMVPN - CPS Spoke ### bandwidth 256 ip address 10.248.248.250 255.255.255.248 no ip redirects ip mtu 1400 ip hello-interval eigrp 1600 1 ip hold-time eigrp 1600 3 ip nhrp authentication NHRPCPSk ip nhrp group NHRP-GROUP-CPS-BOG ip nhrp map multicast x.x.x.x ip nhrp map 10.248.248.249 x.x.x.x ip nhrp network-id 900 ip nhrp holdtime 360 ip nhrp nhs 10.248.248.249 ip virtual-reassembly ip tcp adjust-mss 1360 ip summary-address eigrp 1600 192.168.48.0 255.255.252.0 5 load-interval 30 delay 1000 qos pre-classify tunnel source FastEthernet0/0 tunnel mode gre multipoint tunnel key 990 tunnel protection ipsec profile IPsecPF-DMVPN-CPS-Spokeend. The Hub router checks its NHRP mapping table for the destination 10.0.0.3 and finds that it maps to the address 172.16.2.75. Configuration Tunnel Interfaces This means that Hub1 and Hub2 will advertise the same cost for the networks behind the spoke routers to the routers in the network behind the hub routers. For DMVPN Multiple But there is no detailed explanation to tell us why in Broadcast Network Type, OSPF avoids the extra hop routing, where and at which level an OSPF router knows that there is a risk of extra hop routing and there is a choice of a direct and optimal path. The dynamic routing protocol propagates the routing information for this spoke to the hub. Full or partial mesh networks are often desirable because there can be a cost savings if spoke-to-spoke traffic can go directly through rather then via the hub. These parameters are automatically determined from the NHRP mappings for the mGRE tunnel interface. No GRE or IPsec information about a spoke is configured on the hub router in the DMVPN network . This will take care of the asymmetric routing problem described in the first bullet above. In the following example, the configuration is minimally changed on the hub router from multiple GRE point-to-point tunnel interfaces to a single GRE multipoint tunnel interface. Notice the similarity between the Spoke1 and Spoke2 configurations. The following examples will look at configuring these two different scenarios for dual hub DMVPNs. the sample output for the BUT I got another "Hint" as to the problem when I put the config on one of my production routers, I got this log message: Sep 10 11:10:23.590: %ADJ-5-PARENT: Midchain parent maintenance for IP midchain out of Tunnel0, addr 172.168.110.1 688D34E0 - looped chain attempting to stack. The ISAKMP packet only has the destination IP address (remote IPsec peer address) with which to make this association. DMVPN simplifies the addition of VPN nodes. Lets change the tunnel interfaces: Everything else will remain the same. When adding a new spoke router, you only have to configure the spoke router and plug it into the network (though, you may need to add ISAKMP authorization information for the new spoke on the hub). Note:The no ip next-hop-self eigrp command will be available starting in Cisco IOS release 12.3(2). DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network), secara gampang bisa dibilang sama dengan tunnel, bedanya, dia tidak menggunakan Remote & Local Address. This is the best OSPF network type to use for DMVPN phase 2 and Ill show you why. The Hub router creates an NHRP resolution reply packet and sends it to the Spoke1 router. Because of this design and the fact that there is not currently a standard for using IPsec to encrypt IP multicast/broadcast packets, IP routing protocol packets cannot be forwarded through the IPsec tunnel and any routing changes cannot be dynamically propagated to the other side of the IPsec tunnel. GRE packets themselves do not have this problem since they have the tunnel key value to differentiate between the two mGRE interfaces. EIGRP routing protocols are supported on this feature. The most feasible method to scale a large point-to-point network is to organize it into a hub-and-spoke or full (partial) mesh network. I'm seeing stange behavior when trying to establish OSPF over DMVPN tunnel. what is the default network type for DMVPN tunnel? Instructs the module on the way to perform the matching of the set of commands against the current device config. This applies to hub-and-spoke as well as mesh networks. The first change will reduce the size of the configuration on the hub router. Since the spoke routers are routing neighbors with the hub routers over the same mGRE tunnel interface, you cannot use link or interfaces differences (like metric, cost, delay, or bandwidth) to modify the dynamic routing protocol metrics to prefer one hub over the other hub when they are both up. The configuration on each spoke router would increase by 6 lines. Configure OSPF point to multipoint network type (next hop behavior) The Hub router creates an NHRP resolution reply packet and sends it to the Spoke2 router. Once the IPsec tunnel has finished being built, all further data packets to the 192.168.2.0/24 subnet are sent directly to Spoke2. First lets configure it: You need to make sure that the spoke routers will never be elected as DR or BDR: Now lets configure some network commands. Tunnel Termination feature enables support for secondary paths for the supported routing protocols in the Routing Information In the past, the only way to make the connection was to use a Layer-2 network such as ISDN or Frame Relay to interconnect everything. Removed the crypto map vpnmap1 10 ipsec-isakmp command and replaced it with crypto ipsec profile vpnprof. You can then use IPsec to encrypt the GRE tunnel packet. DMVPN packets between the hub and the spoke, the transport device topology is By doing this, Hub2 will still forward packets directly to the spoke routers, but it will advertise a less desirable route than Hub1 to routers behind Hub1 and Hub2. verify that you are not advertising public ip addresses over this OSPF process. The source of the tunnel which is the WAN interface of the router. 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