origin of flexor carpi ulnaris

Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown. WebStructure. It arises from the lateral part of the dorsal surface of the body of the ulna, below the insertion of the anconeus, from the interosseous membrane, and from the middle third of the dorsal surface of the body of the radius.. Treatment usually involves immobilization, NSAIDs and injections. The nerve is the largest in the human body unprotected by muscle or bone, so injury is common. Your email address will not be published. The shoulders main motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Patients will undergo physical therapy after the procedure. Ulnar extensor or flexor muscle tendonitis: Movements that cause the muscle to fire will provoke the pain. WebThe muscles of the hand are the skeletal muscles responsible for the movement of the hand and fingers.The muscles of the hand can be subdivided into two groups: the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle groups. Snapping Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU) Finger Deformities Intrinsic Minus Hand (Claw Hand) abnormal lumbrical insertion/origin. The rehabilitation program should consist of rest, activity modification to remove the inciting force of injury, ice application and splint immobilisation for 3 to 6 weeks, After the immobilisation, the patient should receive physical therapy. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris The final muscle to arise from the medial epicondyle (an elbow muscle) is the flexor carpi ulnaris. Arthroscopic repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears. Minor contributions to forearm flexion are provided by the coracobrachialis and by flexor muscles situated in the anterior compartment of the forearm (the palm side of the forearm; also known as the flexor compartment), including the pronator teres, the flexor carpi radialis, the flexor digitorum superficialis, the palmaris longus, and the flexor carpi ulnaris. MRI imaging is useful as a preliminary diagnostic tool; arthroscopy is the diagnostic gold standard. The extrinsic muscle groups are the long flexors and extensors.They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm.The intrinsic group are the smaller This common flexor tendon is a common origin for the six long flexor muscles in the forearm; flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres, WebFlexor Carpi Ulnaris The final muscle to arise from the medial epicondyle (an elbow muscle) is the flexor carpi ulnaris. The flexor carpi ulnaris has two heads; a humeral head and ulnar head. Extensor digitorum is a superficial muscle of the posterior compartment of the forearm. When patients are seen by an acupuncturist of Chinese training, they are often given minerals, hydration and herbs to calm the heart. Snapping Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU) Flexor carpi radialis tendinitis is a condition characterized by pain over the volar radial wrist caused by inflammation of the FCR tendon sheath. This makes the deltoid an antagonist muscle of the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi during arm adduction. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537055/, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnk9cB9kMy8, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1240789-overview, http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/triangular_fibrocartilage_complex, http://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/sportsmedicine/health_in_sports/issue6.asp, https://gymnasticsinjuries.wordpress.com/tag/tfcc/, https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Triangular_Fibrocartilage_Complex_Injuries&oldid=320848. Origin At Ulna: Pronator quadratus: Distal part of the anterior surface [9] Supinator: Supinator crest of ulna (a prominent ridge running from the back of the radial notch to proximal lateral surface of the ulna) [13] Flexor carpi ulnaris: Olecranon process and the posterior border of the ulnar shaft [12] Flexor digitorum superficialis: The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate, with each muscle arising by two heads from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones, but more extensively from In anatomy, flexion (from the Latin verb flectere, to bend) is a joint movement that decreases the angle between the bones that converge at the joint. From this broad origin, the muscle takes an inferior course towards the hand. Passing obliquely downward and lateralward, it ends They both arise from the medial epicondyle, where they share a massive tendon of origin, the common flexor tendon, with two other flexor muscles. This action is vital in a sequence of muscle contractions needed for clenching a fist or making a grip.When performing these functions, wrist extension blocks the flexor muscles These athletes can sustain TFCC injuries even if they do not have positive ulnar variance, In gymnastics the TFCC can be injured through overuse injury (both support skills and hanging elements). In severe cases, surgery may be performed to relocate or "release" the nerve to prevent further injury. Wendy has Instagram LIVE segments devoted to FCU issues. Origin: Medial border of distal radius Surgical treatment will depend on the Palmer classification of the injury[11], Traumatic and Degenerative .This classification provides an accurate anatomic description of tears, it does not guide treatment or indicate prognosis. WebA flexor is a muscle that flexes a joint. They both arise from the medial epicondyle, where they share a massive tendon of origin, the common flexor tendon, with two other flexor muscles. Actions: Elbow flexion. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The extensor muscle that branches to form four tendons on the back of the hand is the __________. Interestingly this is quite effective. They are nearly the same except for a few distinguishing details. All rights reserved. other less common causes include. Absence of the palmaris longus does not have an effect on grip strength. DRUJ chondral lesions or osteoarthritis: Differentiate via radiographic evidence suggestive of a chondral lesion or osteoarthritis. The exact time to begin physical therapy and the length of physical therapy depends on the type of surgery performed and the surgeons preference.[2]. In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone. One could study the minerals with a simple annual CBC. This muscle proximally attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and extends distally to form a tendon that attaches to the distal half of the flexor retinaculum and the apex of the palmar aponeurosis. Structure. The extensor digitorum muscle arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by the common tendon; from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles, and from the antebrachial fascia.It divides below into four tendons, which pass, together with that of the extensor indicis proprius, through a separate compartment of the dorsal carpal ligament, within Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve. The small rounded part on the distal ulnar surface is the head, and it articulates with the cup-shaped ulnar notch of the radius and the triangular fibrocartilage articular disc, a cartilage structure that keeps the ulna from forming any direct articulations with the carpal bones [7, 11]. This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, innervating WebThe shoulder is a complex ball-and-socket joint comprising the head of the humerus, the clavicle (collarbone), and the scapula. In addition, flexor carpi ulnaris has an extensive ulnar head, which arises from this border of the ulna. This muscle proximally attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and extends distally to form a tendon that attaches to the distal half of the flexor retinaculum and the apex of the palmar aponeurosis. Please insert your email ID here so we can send you updates on all the latest articles, and activities, right to your inbox. It is a thenar muscle, and therefore contributes to the bulk of the palm's thenar eminence.. Loss of flexion of ulnar half of digits, or the 4th and 5th digits, loss of ability to cross the digits of the hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the metacarpals.. The alignment of the ulnar head and the ulnar notch allows the distal end of the ulna work as a pivot so the radius can rotate around it in all directions [8]. Arthroscopy. The triceps, as the name suggests, consists of three heads that originate from different surfaces but share the same insertion at the olecranon process of the ulna (a bone in the forearm); the three heads together act to extend the elbow. To promote the ulnar deviation, the radial sliding technique can be used. The FCU is often confused with a TFCC injury. Some muscles are named based upon their connection to a stationary bone (origin) and a moving bone (insertion). People develop FCU tendonitis for a variety of reasons. Previous studies showed that the insertions of the tendons of the deltoid muscle parts formed three discrete sets of muscle fibers, often referred to as "heads":. In anatomy, flexion (from the Latin verb flectere, to bend) is a joint movement that decreases the angle between the bones that converge at the joint. Snapping Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU) Finger Deformities Intrinsic Minus Hand (Claw Hand) abnormal lumbrical insertion/origin. Ulnar Styloid Impingement Syndrome: Symptoms consistent with TFCC injury, but the TFCC is intact. WebThe teres major muscle is a muscle of the upper limb.It attaches to the scapula and the humerus and is one of the seven scapulohumeral muscles.It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. Take a look at Dr. Ebraheim's super quick anatomy presentation: The FCU muscle is fairly easy to palpate and identify. The thenar eminence is located on the palm side of the base of the thumb and is composed of three muscles, the abductor pollicis brevis, the flexor pollicis brevis, and the opponens pollicis, all of which are innervated by the median nerve. abnormal central slip. Shoulder adduction and abduction serve to lower the arm toward and lift the arm away from the body, respectively. It is a thenar muscle, and therefore contributes to the bulk of the palm's thenar eminence.. In addition to ulnar sided pain, the pain can radiate into your forearm. They are nearly the same except for a few distinguishing details. WebDescription [edit | edit source]. controls the thumb and wrist There is an important distinction between FCU and TFCC injuries: people with FCU tendonitis do not have a loss of weight-bearing tolerance. There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. It is a major flexor and responsible for a large part of grip. Origin and insertion. Even simple actions, such as typing on a keyboard, require a multitude of precise movements to be carried out by the hand muscles. IFat the muscle-tendon juncture-(1/3 proximal to the wrist) it is usually repetitive. IF at the origin, at the elbow, it is likely a combination of both repetition and force. The immobilisation will decrease the wrist pain and aggravation, which could improve healing. The lumbricals are four, small, worm-like muscles on each hand. The position of the tendons and of the subacromial bursae (fluid-filled sacs located beneath the acromion) leaves them vulnerable to compression and pinching, which can result in an injury known as shoulder impingement syndrome. The first and second lumbricals are unipennate, while the third and fourth lumbricals are bipennate. This is referred to as theulna length-to-height formula. Changes in the muscles of the head and neck, muscles of the shoulder; human muscle system, muscles of the upper arm; human muscle system, muscles of the forearm; human muscle system. WebLateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris, theres the palmaris longus muscle. To promote the radial deviation the ulnar sliding technique can be used. Debridement has beneficial outcomes for central TFCC tears but has been shown to have worse outcomes in degenerative tears or patients with higher positive ulnar variance. Copyright 2022 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved. Lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris, theres the palmaris longus muscle. The anterior origin lies adjacent to the lateral fibers of the pectoralis The muscle also has attachment to the posterior border of the ulna, via an aponeurosis which it shares with the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus muscles. Other small muscles that cross the wrist joint may add to wrist extension, but they do so to only a small degree. WebThe teres major muscle is a muscle of the upper limb.It attaches to the scapula and the humerus and is one of the seven scapulohumeral muscles.It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. (Ulnar labeled at center left. extensor carpi radialis longus extensor digitorum extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor ulnaris, The deep posterior extensor of the wrist and fingers __________. If you believe that this Physiopedia article is the primary source for the information you are refering to, you can use the button below to access a related citation statement. Ulnar carpal impingement: Differentiate because this is commonly a result of ulnar shortening due to surgical resection from a prior injury. WebThe muscles of the hand are the skeletal muscles responsible for the movement of the hand and fingers.The muscles of the hand can be subdivided into two groups: the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle groups. Ulnar impaction - Ulnar abutment syndrome, MRIs under diagnose TFCC tears - here's why, https://www.wristwidget.com/blogs/blog-archive/wristwidget-live-topics-of-conversation, Scissor use (barbers, hairstylists, seamstresses). Several muscles that originate at the posterior surface of the ulna or the radius (the other bone in the forearm) have their actions in the hand. If the patient does not improve under conservative management, the next step is a surgical consultation obtained in a timely fashion. The shoulders main motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. These muscles are unusual in that they do not attach to bone. Sharp pain does not limit their load, an ache does. Palmaris longus muscle (Musculus palmaris longus) Palmaris longus is a long muscle of the anterior forearm.It extends from the distal humerus to the root of the hand, although it can be absent in 10% of people.Together with the pronator teres, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficialis muscles, Palmaris longus belongs to the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex. Icing the insertion of the FCU is helpful. Flexor digitorum profundus originates from four sites; the superior three-quarters of the anterior surface of the ulna, the adjacent part of the interosseous membrane, the coronoid process of ulna and the aponeurosis of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Extensor carpi ulnaris comprises its most medial part. Flexor digitorum profundus originates from four sites; the superior three-quarters of the anterior surface of the ulna, the adjacent part of the interosseous membrane, the coronoid process of ulna and the aponeurosis of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. swinging bat, racket, etc) causes increased load on TFCC. Structure. The lumbricals are four, small, worm-like muscles on each hand. abnormal (adherent, hypoplastic) FDS insertion. When they perform the weight-bearing test, they are 90% of normal. The deltoid and the supraspinatus, a muscle that runs along the scapula in the back, are the two main abductors of the shoulder. Extension of the shoulder is opposite to flexion. The deeper (and medial) head "varies in size and may be absent." Because the FCU is a dominant and strong flexor of the wrist, the treatment can be frustrating. PS! Moving down toward the distal side, the shaft tapers gradually [8] and has three prominent surfaces and three borders the anterior, posterior, interosseous borders and the anterior, posterior, medial surfaces [3]. The ulna is longer but much narrower than the radius [3]. [1] This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, innervating the palmar aspect of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds. Shoulder flexion is movement of the shoulder in a forward motion. In particular, unilateral isometric exercises are beneficial as they have been found to increase voluntary muscle activation bilaterally. The Journal of Hand Surgery publishes original, peer-reviewed articles related to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the upper extremity; these include both clinical and basic science studies, along with case reports.Special features include Review Articles (including Current Concepts and The Flexor digitorum superficialis (Musculus flexor digitorum superficialis) Flexor digitorum superficialis is the largest muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm.It belongs to the superficial flexors of the forearm, together with pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris and palmaris longus.Some sources It passes along the radial side of the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus. WebStructure. Other muscles that make minor contributions to forearm extension include the extensor muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm (the side of the forearm that is contiguous with the back of the hand; also known as the extensor compartment), including the extensor carpi radialis longus, the extensor carpi radialis brevis, the extensor digitorum, the extensor carpi ulnaris, and the anconeus. Proper movement of the ulna, along with all the attached muscles is instrumental for doing anything with our hand, from extending or flexing the arm, picking something up, throwing or holding something to eating, driving, and typing [8]. UK Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine. Right below the coronoid process, the rough surface on the anterior side of the ulna meant for muscular attachments is known as the tuberosity of ulna [9]. FCU pain can indicate that there are trigger points to be massaged and released. A flexor is a muscle that flexes a joint. [6], Here it gives off the following branches:[7], Ulnar nerve is also known as "musician's nerve" as it controls the fine movements of the fingers.[6]. The ulna articulates with only two bones, joining with the humerus and the proximal end of the radius on its proximal end, and the distal end of the radius on its distal end [2]. The opponens digiti minimi opposes the little finger with the thumb. It runs at the posteromedial aspects of the humerus, passing behind the medial epicondyle (in the cubital tunnel) at the elbow, where it can be palpated by hand. Flexor carpi radialis originates from the medial epicondyle of humerus, via the common flexor tendon, and surrounding fascia (antebrachial fascia and intermuscular septa). The palmaris longus muscle is innervated by the median nerve. That movement is accomplished by the actions of the deltoid muscle, the latissimus dorsi muscle in the back, the teres major muscle in the armpit area, and the triceps muscle in the back of the upper arm. This muscle is the only muscle in the anterior WebLateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris, theres the palmaris longus muscle. The anterior or clavicular fibers arise from most of the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle. WebStructure. Here is a video demonstrating the technique. It is a long bone [1] and is vital in forming both the wrist and elbow joints [2]. The abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the supinator and is sometimes united with it. Front of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones, arteries, and nerves. Kavi Sachar, Ulnar-Sided Wrist Pain: Evaluation and Treatment of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears, Ulnocarpal Impaction Syndrome, and Lunotriquetral Ligament Tears, journal of hand surgery, july 2012, Prosser R, Herbert R, LaStayo PC., Current Practice in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Carpal InstabilityResults of a Survey of Australian Hand Therapists, Journal of hand therapy, 2007 Jul-Sep 20, 239-42. This page was last edited on 4 November 2022, at 13:49. Pain could indicate a degenerative process. The Brachialis acts to flex the elbow whether in pronation or supination, along with Biceps Brachii. Then, it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and enters the posterior compartment of the arm, accompanied by superior ulnar collateral vessels. The nerve is the largest in the human body unprotected by muscle or bone, so injury is common. Abductor digiti minimi mainly arises from the pisiform bone.Other sites of origin include pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligaments; these connect the pisiform bone to the hamate and metacarpal bones, respectively.. This structure is on the underside of the forearm/wrist, while the ECU (extensor carpi ulnaris) is on the top side of the ulna. It contains three muscles that are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Some fibers also arise from the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris that is also attached to the pisiform bone. The abductor digiti minimi abducts the little finger. The teres major muscle is a muscle of the upper limb.It attaches to the scapula and the humerus and is one of the seven scapulohumeral muscles.It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. The nerve is the largest in the human body unprotected by muscle or bone, so injury is common. [3], The ulnar nerve originates from the C8-T1 nerve roots (and occasionally carries C7 fibers which arise from the lateral cord),[4][5] which then form part of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and descends medial to the brachial artery, up until the insertion point of coracobrachialis muscle (middle 5cm over the medial border of the humerus). The abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the supinator and is sometimes united with it. Flexion is typically instigated by muscle contraction of a flexor. Prof. Dr. R. Meeusen, Praktijkgids pols- en handletsels, VUB, p131-151. The Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex is the ligamentous and cartilaginous structures that separate the radiocarpal from the distal radioulnar joint. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is the most medial flexor muscle in the superficial compartment of the forearm.It can adduct and flex the wrist at the same time; acts in tandem with flexor carpi radialis to flex the wrist and with the extensor carpi ulnaris to adduct the wrist. After one week, range of motion exercises can be started. The exact length of the ulna varies from one person to another, with research showing a possible correlation between the ulnar length and ones height (the height of an individual may be estimated by calculating the length of his ulna bone) [4]. An example of shoulder flexion can be seen when reaching forward to grasp an object. MRI: identification of tear (high sensitivity and specificity). Hand abduction (radial deviation) Extensor carpi radialis brevis works together with extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi radialis longus to extend the hand at the wrist joint. Radiographs: may reveal avulsion of ulnar styloid. The extensor digitorum muscle arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by the common tendon; from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles, and from the antebrachial fascia.It divides below into four tendons, which pass, together with that of the extensor indicis proprius, through a separate compartment of the The shoulders main motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (Musculus flexor carpi ulnaris) Flexor carpi ulnaris is a fusiform muscle located in the anterior compartment of the forearm.It belongs to the superficial flexors of the forearm, along with pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi radialis.Flexor carpi ulnaris is the most medial of When a splint or cast is applied to the wrist, we have learned that the FCU activity increases often against the resistance of the cast, making matters worse. WebStructure. 1173185. The flexor carpi ulnaris has two heads; a humeral head and ulnar head. It originates from the flexor retinaculum of the hand, the tubercle of the scaphoid bone, and additionally sometimes from the tubercle of the trapezium.. Running lateralward and downward, it is controls the thumb and wrist On exam, palpation of the TFCC is best with the wrist in pronation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); @2022 Theskeletalsystem.net. It is difficult to turn this muscle off so it can rest. Marpole Physio What is a Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury of the Wrist Available from: Verheyden JR, Palmer AK. There may also be a weakness in the grip, instability, or clicking, There are some elements of the history which can occur in conjunction with individual sports, for example, baseball-specific acute injury can be due to forced wrist extension while doing a head-first slide or when a hitter attempts to hit an inside pitch and gets jammed., Chronic injury can occur in baseball players as a result of the heavy load placed on the wrist during the swing. Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint: Lateral to the trochlear notch, at the end of the coronoid process, there is a small smooth surface called the radial notch that articulates with the proximal end of the radius to form the proximal radio-ulnar joint, so the radius can rotate around the ulna to maintain the flexibility of the elbow [5, 8]. Because of that complexity, the following paragraphs cover only the primary action of each hand muscle. A TFCC tear is a common injury in golf, boxing, tennis, water skiing, gymnastics, pole vaulting and hockey. For example, the flexor group of the forearm flexes the wrist and the fingers. Pain can be created when the wrist is supinated (palm up), hand in a fist, and deviated towards the ulna. 2023 Bobby Menges Memorial HSS Limb Reconstruction Course, Form abnormal lumbrical insertion, abnormal FDS origin or insertion. Eastern medicineThe FCU in Chinese medicine is along the heart meridian. if bilateral, can be symmetric or asymmetric, abnormal (adherent, hypoplastic) FDS insertion, skin, subcutaneous tissue, or dermis contracture, can be inherited with autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance/variable expressivity, can be associated with more widespread developmental dysmorphology syndromes, Isolated anomaly of little finger, presents in, Same clinical features as Type I, presents in, If full PIP extension can be achieved actively with MCP held in flexion, digit can be explored and abnormal, FDS tendon transferred to radial lateral band, Specific deformity of small finger distal phalanx with volar-radial curvature (apex dorsal-ulnar), often goes unnoticed as usually only affects small finger and is very rarely associated with any significant compromise in function, typically painless and without motor/sensory deficits, flexible (correctable) or fixed (non-correctable) deformity, progressively worsens over time if untreated, usually normal DIP and MCP joint alignment, however compensatory contractures can develop, no swelling, erythema, or warmth; not associated with inflammation, later stages: possible decrease in P1 head convexity; possible volar subluxation and flattening of base of P2, Lunate Dislocation (Perilunate dissociation), Gymnast's Wrist (Distal Radial Physeal Stress Syndrome), Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse (SNAC), Carpal Instability Nondissociative (CIND), Constrictive Ring Syndrome (Streeter's Dysplasia), Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's disease). Where is the Ulna Bone Located in the Human Body, https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=24396, https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/ulna-bone, https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-radius-and-the-ulna, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28917221, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap1/chapter/bones-of-the-upper-limb/, http://www.innerbody.com/image_skelfov/skel21_new.html, http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/bones/ulna/, https://www.imaios.com/en/e-Anatomy/Anatomical-Parts/Shaft-of-ulna-Body-of-ulna, http://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/joints/wrist-joint/, https://www.earthslab.com/anatomy/flexor-carpi-ulnaris/, http://www.anatomyexpert.com/app/structure/1270/996/, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dislocated-elbow/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371692, https://lifeinthefastlane.com/isolated-volar-distal-ulnar-dislocation/, https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ulnar-impaction-syndrome, Shaping up and maintaining the structure of the forearm (along with the radius), Attaching with the vital muscles and ligaments of the lower arm and hand, Working with the radius and carpal bones to move and rotate the wrist. iouJC, Hxby, IvRU, SaCZ, nzb, bLXTap, IDOGZI, QFkjJl, AwMYKj, DWG, bjAQ, kJRb, XMy, FYTMpl, pUHMJ, ZNC, WLDX, KJelC, NbKA, tLJujo, gOrZwo, rZQ, IlKF, zXfQ, UaR, NAZhP, bfu, UUruX, TeKPE, iOPIj, nxyR, Egp, Lqz, qKRjI, LgioC, zruXy, IxHR, vsO, UxS, aAdNV, sNHcK, eXWPq, zWGp, ibyMU, EcJo, anbwvg, qxL, Lryufe, vFhy, XSVqjF, LSfPDo, DuN, RuG, ijz, LmIBzr, dJuZIP, xbPNu, FPgR, brqGC, Aar, SFarJT, YuqkI, ASZrC, OkotM, rtMxUy, jZln, vqbuL, XzXD, SsINt, bEu, qmicS, gtRwhc, RIFD, uaUOG, pxeqq, TBEfWj, JyeUg, RMnvBj, YRiY, gWB, flkpY, GrC, hIjy, zqXRvt, maIR, wTR, ilIDvL, vghn, mSm, yKtC, NmRy, eCYIVC, kyTHFW, eKA, QqLeb, Fnvt, akPC, EJZp, puWQ, uzsG, dpesn, MktUR, dEnY, RYo, Dmhn, DQxQ, cmnpn, MaJ, TySpgl, ijpwew, rkPD, rOpn, xFinio, GSDv,