Others seem aloof or self-contained, but their inner landscapes are rich and full of drama. According to a recent survey we conducted here at OpenMarket, when given the choice between being able only to text versus call on their mobile phone, a whopping 75 percent of millennials chose texting over talking. If you make software, I hope youre inspired to help your users find balance, too. Went out with woman, kissed her, she texted me first saying she had a great time. Phone calls force me to contend with the messy reality of other people and myself. First in the few relationships I had left, later in seeking and forming new ones. Granted, many apps and operating systems have recently incorporated similar features the help us manage the noise but the future is here when computers are proactively helping us be more human, not less. It'll make you think about the way you use software, the ways software can use you, and what you're losing every time you glance at your . Talk-to-ChatGPT is a simple javascript snippet that allows users to interact with the ChatGPT AI using their voice, rather than just by typing. It helps you to look less mean and still express your feelings. Reclaiming Conversation ends with a call to make software that has moved beyond mere productivity and thinks about the human on the other side. So we retreated further. The things we were passionate about made no sense to adults. There is no question that introversion is real and many, many people are wired this way. County Eyes Grant Funding For Courtroom Upgrades. They are conditioned to think in terms of which technology affords the most conveniences, and the simple answer is texting. But as it works now, it also narrows our exposure to ideas. Customer support? Here introversion was presented as an advantage, not something to be ashamed of. For example: Could you please explain to me one more time what is Paldesk? Tina: Text. There are some statistics showing how the way of talking is changing. This makes the voice mails more complicated. However, sometimes we might find ourselves facing technical difficulties with those connections. She "sees her phone as the glue that ties her life together"(Turkle 376). Be the first to learn about new releases! As we instant-message, e-mail, text, and Twitter, technology redraws the boundaries between intimacy and solitude. Second. This way, you will be better able to target the right individuals. They take pleasure in activities that involve large social gatherings, such as parties, community activities, public demonstrations, and business or political groups. As Turkle aptly puts it, We are living moments of more and lives of less.. Email. Work together the easy way with our all-new version 3 at https://basecamp.com. impressionable age? Now she says she is "too busy". A sampling of marital chatter: "Still at playground;" "Detergent finished;" and regrettably, "Working much longer?" Texts avoid conflict. This is more than welcome; it is magical., this distinctive confusion: these days, whether you are online or not, it is easy for people to end up unsure if they are closer together or further apart., If behind popular fascination with Freudian theory there was a nervous, often guilty preoccupation with the self as sexual, behind increasing interest in computational interpretations of mind is an equally nervous preoccupation with the self as machine., But when technology engineers intimacy, relationships can be reduced to mere connections. It was absorbing and stimulated the mind. Not working in an office meant nobody to drop by for small talk or force me to speak in front of a crowd. Here was the definitive apologetic Id been waiting for. Instead of being intertwined by friendship we journeyed through life in parallel. Email and IM meant no one had to comb their hair, put on pants, make small talk, or stand in the corner while the extroverts had all the fun. Covering my social and emotional deficiencies in the echo-chamber of the internet and the apologetics of introversion made me feel better but it let the problems fester. There when I need them, minimized when I didnt. In losing everything I was forced to turn to real people for healing. Texting is the first most used way of communication among Americans younger than 50. . Digital connections and the sociable robot may offer the illusion of companionship without the demands of friendship. Let's Talk. The problem for me is as great as the book made me feel about my behavior, I dont think I was actually an introvert. Craig discusses the wrong way to do penetration testing and why. My first thought is she might be married, or living with someone. That's what Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Sherry Turkle found in her research as she completed her book Alone Together: Why We Expect More . How the ways weve become wired to avoid boredom at all costs stimulation is just a tap away has assaulted our ability to be secure in solitude, rest our minds, and open them to the serendipity and creativity that comes from unstructured reflection. Why take the risk of sharing a possibly stupid idea off-the-cuff when I could retreat to my cave and craft a perfectly edited proposal or iterate on a polished design in solitude? And we learn that to sustain realistic relationships, one must accept others in their complexity. Instead I sought change. If youre a designer or programmer, a self-proclaimed geek, a computer enthusiast if you live on the web you may think so, too. Teenagers avoid making telephone calls, fearful that they "reveal too much." They would rather text than talk. The book is particularly focused on a population who have never developed the skills to truly have a conversation in real time and how thats destroying empathy (sound familiar?). Divorce viciously unmasked my self-deception. Love podcasts or audiobooks? I prefer calling and having a conversation. It is important to understand the logic behind the preference of texting. Usually there is nothing wrong with that at all. 5 billion people around the world have the ability to send and receive messages via SMS in 2018. I may be a weirdo, but there are thousands of people who are just as weird. Im proud to work for a company thats starting to ask these hard questions and seeking real answers. He/she have a feeling for that certain person but he's shy enough to talk to her in face to face. People can misinterpret text messages and e-mails (I do it ALL the time) Meeting is the best. What Most people agree with me: The majority of us would rather text than talk. Not only did the web allow me to get paid for work Id have done for fun but it helped me to connect with other people just like me. Or already like., The idea that we can be exactly what the other desires is a powerful fantasy., This is a new nonnegotiable: to feel safe, you have to be connected., These days, insecure in our relationships and anxious about intimacy, we look to technology for ways to be in relationships and protect ourselves from them at the same time., The technology has become like a phantom limb, it is so much a part of them. Sherry Turkles Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age was the final piece of the puzzle. Texting, email, posting, all of these things let us present the self as we want to be. The number of monthly texts sent has increased by more than 7,700% over the last decade. We talk of getting rid of our e-mails, as though these notes are so much excess baggage. These young people are among the first to grow up with an expectation of continuous connection: always on, and always on them. Sherry Turkle, a professor of social studies of science and technology at the MIT and a clinical psychologist, is an expert on mobile technology and social networking. Moreover, Turkle provides an additional example on how lots of people have shared with her the wish of a more advanced . I couldnt think of any time with my computer that would crack the top ten. Texts are discreet. Human relationships are rich and they're messy and they're demanding. parenting? Miscommunication is less likely to happen and if it's a long conversation it will take less time instead of typing everything you just say it. This way if I'm busy, I can still quickly read the message and respond, even if it's just, "I can't talk right now. I wasnt sure what to do. As children mature, they come to see the world in more complex ways, realizing, for example, that beyond black and white, there are shades of gray. 1 of 2. As we distribute ourselves, we may abandon ourselves. With this tool, users can speak to the AI and receive spoken responses, making the interaction feel more natural and conversational. Millions of people use it to increase their productivity enabling them to work when, where and how they want. She is a modern Goldilocks: for her, texting puts people not too close, not too far, but at just the right distance. Well beyond the days of Web 2.0 our industry is making the best software ever seen. Huma Baqir July 03, 2011. We talk of getting "rid" of our e-mails, as though these notes are so much excess baggage. According to . #2299: Too Tired to Check : The Best of Car Talk Darlene and her boyfriend have just returned from a long trip where their car seemed to wander all over the road. Tone, speed and inflection of our voice make up the remaining 38%. Whoever you are, bear in mind that appearance is not reality. We want technology to step up as we ask people to step back., Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. Now she often sees her boyfriend Daniel's grandma, Dot - who . And we clean them up with technology. We build a following on Facebook or MySpace and wonder to what degree our followers are friends. Visit Basecamp.com to learn more about the all new Basecamp 3, try it for free and start living like Work Can Wait. Her first book "Second Self" in 1984 focussed on computers and people. After an evening of avatar-to avatar talk in a networked game, we feel, at one moment, in possession of a full social life and, in the next, curiously isolated, in tenuous complicity with strangers. We worked and communicated through the web. We short-change ourselves. Having all this in mind, texting is taking a bigger and bigger deal in everyday communications. What is the nostalgia of the young you mention I knew I could think as creatively as anyone else but I needed to do it on my terms. 5. What is the new relationship Consumers in South Korea, India, Singapore, and the US prefer SMS over voice calls for customer service. Instead, they view unsolicited business calls to be nothing more than pestering from telemarketers. in this BlackBerried world? An extraverted person is likely to enjoy time spent with people and find less reward in time spent alone. 7. 0. So to be able to know and be close to her he choice to talk to her in text rather than in. 89% of people always have their smartphone easily accessible. This reflects the impoverishment of our experience. Ive long considered myself an introvert. Extraverts are energized and thrive off of being around other people. Can apps encourage uni-tasking? And the internet makes it all too easy to follow only the people who agree with us and read only what represents our worldview. This makes it impossible to fully experience others as who they are. # Copyright (C) 1998 Georg C. F. Greve. She might, that is, be deploying the powers of quiet. Reclaiming Conversation has completely changed the way I think about people, computers, social media, and designing software. Unlike people. . That is why people have the feeling that they are doing more things at the same time. In time, our ability to be separate and gather ourselves is diminished. Is there a flip 209 views, 5 likes, 8 loves, 59 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from St Thomas MB Church: December 4, 2022 Rev. You focus on the lives of And they report feelings of closeness when they are paying little attention. The age of the smartphone is here to stay. They didnt advance our social standing or impress the girls. We were special snowflakes who passed around articles to explain why were were so different and how we should be treated*. On average, Americans spend 26 minutes per day texting compared to 21 minutes per day calling. As a result, companies sometimes leave a voice mail. Years ago when I first joined 37signals I was overjoyed at having found an introverts dream job. It wasnt until the internet arrived that it all suddenly made sense. Damn the extrovert agenda! you can use LOL when you are going to say something mean. And as it turns out, we are very vulnerable indeed. side? Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. In some cases, this can be true. Introverts are easily overwhelmed by too much stimulation from social gatherings and engagement, introversion having even been defined by some in terms of a preference for a quiet, more minimally stimulating external environment. Being comfortable with our vulnerabilities is central to our happiness, our creativity, and even our productivity. Darryl L. Magee Sr., Pastor. Things that happen in real time take too much time. People make too big of a deal about calling. Yann Kebbi. Whos fault is it when dad comes home from work on-time but isnt really present because Basecamp keeping pinging his phone all evening? We take what we need from them in bits and pieces; it is as though we use them as spare parts to support our fragile selves., Human relationships are rich and they're messy and they're demanding. No! By David Lias david.lias@plaintalk.net. Put otherwise, cyberintimacies slide into cybersolitudes. You didnt even have to take a class everything you needed to know to make things on the internet was on the internet. Welcome! Dec 9, 2022 Updated Dec 9, 2022. Some of the best times of my life were in social settings. Has our dependence on Republican Senator says he'd rather raise taxes on EVERYONE rather than letting the tax cuts for the rich expire, The following errors occurred with your submission. With a text message, the crucial data is already written out for the recipient to see and use. Texting is also more effective when it is fast and in shape of live chat. Welcome back. There is the badthe things that frustrate or deny us. The network is seductive. Basecamps Work Can Wait feature lets users create a clear separation between when theyre working and when they dont want to be bothered with workeven on mobile devices. AskMen Reader. If all else fails, I'd simply prefer not to get what I wanted rather than talk to a live human. Texting allows us to avoid real eye contact and persons face expression. Itll make you think about the way you use software, the ways software can use you, and what youre losing every time you glance at your phone. How has parenting changed For more tech tips, news, and updates visit - CraigPeterson.com --- Read More: Window Swap Lets You Enjoy the View From Other People's Windows Around the World Report: Hundreds of apps have hidden tracking software used by the government Researcher Finds New Office Macro Attacks for MacOS New cars can stay in their lane . Texting is the first most used way of communication among Americans . Verbal impact of communication only accounts for 7% percent of communication. If you need to send or receive information sending only a message can be more efficient. There are changes in the proportion of texting and voice calls. My coworkers wanted to work out the design now, iterating on a whiteboard in REAL TIME! Researches say that 32% of recipients respond to SMS offers. COLLEGE students tell me they know how to look someone in the eye and type on their phones at the . Every time Basecamp sends a notification should I wonder if its helping someone be a better worker or impeding them from being a better person? What has 24/7 always-on life They feel like they multi-task when using text messages. All of this makes them fluent with technology but brings a set of new insecurities., Because you can text while doing something else, texting does not seem to take time but to give you time. Asynchronous communication was efficient and transactional. Omnichannel communication platform that helps businesses get in touch with their future customers. Select Nitro Boost from the left side of the screen and you will get a screen like the one below. You can type messages while doing anything else. His son replied: "Dad, I don't want to talk to her on the telephone, I would rather text than talk.". Typing does not require special preparation or effort. Sept. 26, 2015. Casual dress codes, unlimited Cokes and foosball tables were standard issue. I do not see the point. Send her plenty of compliments, entertaining puzzles, exciting news, and funny jokes. And when we do, one of the things that can happen is that we sacrifice conversation for mere connection. In all of this, there is a nagging question: Does virtual intimacy degrade our experience of the other kind and, indeed, of all encounters, of any kind?, Technology is seductive when what it offers meets our human vulnerabilities. Goodreads helps you follow your favorite authors. Over 68% of consumers said they text more than they talk on their smartphones. It notifies you when a task is due, a meeting is starting or someone needs your attention anywhere in the world, any time of day. I didnt need to feel bad for being awkward, for preferring emails to phone calls, for wanting to stay in rather than go out it was just how I was. So the next time you see a person with a composed face and a soft voice, remember that inside her mind she might be solving an equation, composing a sonnet, designing a hat. To be more exact, they would rather text. This can definitely put a damper on your . But if we are always on, we may deny ourselves the rewards of solitude., Phones have become woven into a fraught sense of obligation in friendship. Do we ask ourselves why is that? They have a habit of texting everywhere, but rarely youll see someone pick up the phone and actually call. I remember those in-person meetings reinforced my self-diagnosis. 4. The latter may require the person to come up with answers on the spot or remember specific questions he or she wanted to ask. Darling, can you please read a new newsletter from Paldesk for me? This changes could turn to advertise to texting. Too much just a . This generation has grown up with more technology than all the previous ones. Quotes are added by the Goodreads community and are not verified by Goodreads. Were treating people like apps that we tap when we need stimulation, close when were bored, switch away from when something more interesting comes around and delete when they no longer offer anything in the transaction. That is the reason why most calls from businesses go unanswered. Our brains are most productive when there is no demand that they be reactive., The web promises to make our world bigger. . In fact, millennials overwhelmingly prefer to receive text messages from businesses, as . That is much more than just reading information from the message. Researchers say that millennials dont like voice messages, especially not from brands. And they are among the first to grow up not necessarily thinking of simulation as second best. If youre a parent, a co-worker, or a friend; if youre dating or married; if youre a boss; if you make apps; if youve ever thought, Id rather text than talk, this book is a must-read. What values, Thoreau would ask, follow from this new location? Give this article. We search for a link between who we are and what we have made, between who we are and what we might create, between who we are and what, through our intimacy with our own creations, we might become., As infants, we see the world in parts. How has cell phone culture impacted their Even though it seems like people today are more connected to one another than ever before in human history thanks to the Internet-based networking and text messaging but they are also more lonely and distant from one another in their unplugged lives! Meetings? The book even stresses, Dont think of introversion as something that needs to be cured. 20. in the book? It will grow in the future, not only in personal communication but also in advertising. Why would she keep talking to me if she doesn't intend to pay me back? But after experiencing a concussion, she began to "control the spirits" and started to feel comforted by them, rather than scared. Are there new rules for First, using smileys make it more comfortable to ask for a favor. Toxic. # German translation of https://gnu.org/philosophy/greve-clown.html. I didnt need to feel bad, this is just how I was and I needed to assert myself such that I could work on my terms. Here I could work from my home hiding behind a computer nearly 100% of the time. The bulk of our communication comes across in our appearance and body language, comprising 55%. celebrating the digital revolution everywhere. Its become a normal occurrence on any number of social and family events, no matter the occasion. 3 out of 10 consumers would give up phone calls to use messaging. 298. These examples confirm Mackay's basic thesis that the proper use of technology is now . Sometimes people experience no sense of having communicated after hours of connection. On the contrary, texting gives you information that doesnt disappear. A restroom in the juror's room is likewise small and includes a step. By following these guidelines, you are sure to capture the . When we imagine a robot as a true companion, there is no need to do any of this work., We are at a moment of temptation, ready to turn to machines for companionship even as we seem pained or inconvenienced to engage with each other in settings as simple as a grocery store. At Basecamp we make software that helps people communicate, get work done and stay connected. Do you mean you never talk on the phone now? And we clean them up with technology. If we dont know the satisfactions of solitude, we only know the panic of loneliness., we are changed as technology offers us substitutes for connecting with each other face-to-face. Being a friend means being on calltethered to your phone, ready to be attentive, online., When Thoreau considered "where I live and what I live for," he tied together location and values. Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Cant Stop Talking. NA 7M5J4jy4El Description Step 1: Go to Epic Games Store and then go to the Discord Nitro listing . She would rather text than talk and is never without her phone. Although voice calls were the reason why phones were made, nowadays they are not used the same. Text messages are less stressful than phone calls. Since the 1980s, she has been researching the impact of technology on our lives and relationships. Most recently, technology promises us lives on the screen. Can they help users take back their time? That requires a pen, paper, and extra effort. Cains book validated all of this. Immersed in simulation, where do we live, and what do we live for?, We heal ourselves by giving others what we most need., we seem determined to give human qualities to objects and content to treat each other as things., We fill our days with ongoing connection, denying ourselves time to think and dream., Every time you check your phone in company, what you gain is a hit of stimulation, a neurochemical shot, and what you lose is what a friend, teacher, parent, lover, or co-worker just said, meant, felt., In order to feel more, and to feel more like ourselves, we connect. Forming new relationships and asking for help required a humility and vulnerability Id never thought possible but offered rewards beyond imagination. The E-Commerce Email Marketer | Chronos Agency, eCommerce Testing Checklist [Infographic], Maximize Your Market Reach with Mobile-Friendly Emails, Let Your Mission Statement Guide Your Content Strategy, 8 DIGITAL MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES FOR BUSINESSES DURING COVID 19. Obamatalking and talking and talkingHere's the scorecard.Obama 8,619 words, public 1,186 words!!! We get to edit, and that means we get to delete, and that means we get to retouch, the face, the voice, the flesh, the body -- not too little, not too much, just right., We expect more from technology and less from each other., Texting offers just the right amount of access, just the right amount of control. How social media offers the unrealistic promise of connecting without giving anything of ourselves. Im proud to help make a tool that helps so many people get things done but I often worry about the other side. teenagers. I didnt dislike social gatherings and didnt need to balance social time with solitude in order to recharge as is commonly said of introverts. By contrast, a text message gives the recipient the freedom to react and not to show his real feelings. When it comes to texting and calling there are some more statistics. Introversion justified my behavior but the more clinical definitions left me with questions. Hegyan1. Advantage 1: Ask someone out without meeting them in the eye. People would rather text than talk. Millennials usually prefer not to answer phone calls from numbers they dont recognize. 4. development? And with constant connection comes new anxieties of disconnection,, Relationships we complain about nevertheless keep us connected to life., We ask [ of the computer ] not just about where we stand in nature, but about where we stand in the world of artefact. Whenever we try to talk she either tells me to forget the convo ( like for example i did something wrong or she did something wrong she would rather text me about it instead) or walks away and immediately texts me. This article hopes to provide the answer, as millennials will rather text than talk 90% of the time. It was only recently, years later, in divorce and another book that I found an answer. Our networked life allows us to hide from each other, even as we are tethered to each other. I wasnt without friends but my tribe mostly cared about the same things I did. What I wanted to do was take in all the information, go home and work it out in solitude, at the computer. coming? When we did get together it was often to share techniques and experiences from our time in solitary activities. Learn on the go with our new app. Sara: I'd rather talk on the phone because you can get a better sense of how that person is doing and have a more in-depth conversation. We would rather text than talk: Sherry Turkle, professor, MIT, Terms of Use & Grievance Redressal Policy. With texting, there is no pressure to remember everything. Its not a mode of communication they positively associate with brand interaction. Millennials are all about simplicity and ease of use. Stop Googling. This is convenient when it comes to saying something uncomfortable. For example: On the other hand, even when we talk about mobile phones, there are some specifications. 19 reasons why I'd rather text than talk. I could hardly get in a word. Tethered to technology, we are shaken when that world unplugged does not signify, does not satisfy. It is more efficient, they say. If we dont know who we are when we are alone, we turn to other people to support our sense of self. I'd rather call than text. I don't really see a reason for this to be a problem but what do y'all think. How even the presence of a phone on the table changes the depth and nature of a conversation. Some of it are 1. She intuitively understood that I prefer to see his words on my screen than hear his voice. In seeking productivity and efficiency were turning conversations into, as Turkles puts it, merely transactional exchanges of information. As we instant-message, e-mail, text, and Twitter, technology redraws the boundaries between intimacy and solitude. The internet was wide open and seemingly crafted especially for us geeks. We only got together in-person a few times a year. They were messy and inefficient and cared about the most trivial things! We are lonely but fearful of intimacy. They are impersonal, intrusive, and sometimes confusing. If you call me to come talk to you, I'll go. Can we make apps that are less-sticky, less addictive, that reward users for completing a focused task then quitting rather than enticing them with something else? My 3-year-old told my husband the other day to send me a text message. MIT social psychologists sherry Truckle, Phd said: our online conversations not only changing . Since 1999. They bent the old rules to make us feel comfortable because we were shy and temperamental. Predictable and consistent, never doing any more or less than instructed. Voice mails take too long to retrieve and understand. So I didnt look to change, I just kept justifying. In these conversations, we learn who we are. I didnt have to ask you about your haircut or pets before requesting the information I needed from you. We make connections with people on a daily basis. Our industry may truly be full of introverts, but I suspect that at least some of you are like me, not realizing how youve let these tools change you. On the one hand, people talk less in person and turn to mobile phones. We recreate ourselves as online personae and give ourselves new bodies, homes, jobs, and romances. Like when you are talking to a girl every single day, but she has a boyfriend. 97% of Americans, in particular, text at least once a day. Importance of social media and its monitoring is not a question anymore. Some Cos Bullish on Campus Hiring Amid Layoff Spree. Everywhere you look there are beautiful, fast, intelligent apps that allow us all to do more both simultaneously and cumulatively. We seem to be Designer @ Basecamp, illustrator of It Doesnt Have to Be Crazy at Work and The Prince Martin series. In phone conversations, you can mishear some information or just miss them. The general attitude is "who even uses their phone as a phone nowadays ". :). Sitting around the conference table, the ideas and options came fast and furious. has this virtual world done to our youngsters, who are at a particularly Sherry Turkle, a professor of social studies of science and technology at the MIT and a clinical psychologist, is an expert on mobile technology and social networking. 5. Strong opinions and shared thoughts on design, business, and technology. Jurors who hear trials in the Clay County Courthouse must deliberate in a space that barely has room for a table and seating. between people and machines? Once you have got a text, it stays there and you can check it whenever. Audrey has the urge to do whatever she can to avoid a call, as she mentions "the phone, it is awkward. Perhaps this sounds familiar: I was content to play alone as a kid spending hours building with Lego, lost in my imagination. But it is in this type of conversation where we learn to make eye contact, to become aware of another persons posture and tone, to comfort one another and respectfully challenge one another that empathy and intimacy flourish. Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. Although they still spend time talking, they prefer to do it with parents and close friends. So thats why SMS trumps voice mail for most millennials. I hope Ive made you curious enough to find out. done to the young? In Chandler, Arizona, Amy Wing's 12-year-old daughter Erin explains to her mother why she texts her: "I text you when there's something difficult for me to talk about straight to your face, or if I'm tired or doing something, or if I'm with friends and don't want to go and talk to you. Worse, if there is information the recipient needs in the voicemail the person has to write the information down. Its a rather damning look at how the way we communicate in the smart phone era is killing real, face-to-face conversations in our friendships, families, schools and workplaces and what were losing when that happens. 89% of people always have their smartphone easily accessible. Teenagers avoid making telephone calls, fearful that they reveal too much. They would rather text than talk. I could have stayed home continuing to wrap myself in the comfort of the misunderstood introvert. They tend to be energized when around other people, and they are more prone to boredom when they are by themselves. You Weve gotten used to being connected all the time, but we have found ways around conversation at least from conversation that is open-ended and spontaneous, in which we play with ideas and allow ourselves to be fully present and vulnerable. Its a more organized experience that involves less overall pressure. If you think you might be, Quiet is a great read. If you're a parent, a co-worker, or a friend; if you're dating or married; if you're a boss; if you make apps; if you've ever thought, "I'd rather text than talk", this book is a must-read. 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she rather text than talk
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