which of the following does the monopolist not have?

These strategic actions create a barrier to entry. The Agencies require that estimates of the predicted loss be consistent with that evidence, including the pre-merger margins of products in the candidate market used to calculate the critical loss. Make the people so uncomfortable that they feel cornered & have nothing to lose. In this case, positive profits can exist, but entrants cannot enter to capture some of these profits because sharing the market means they have to enter at a smaller scale of operation and thus face higher average costs. A merger is unlikely to generate substantial unilateral price increases if non-merging parties offer very close substitutes for the products offered by the merging firms. For this purpose, incremental cost is measured over the change in output that would be caused by the price change considered. In evaluating market concentration, the Agencies consider both the post-merger level of market concentration and the change in concentration resulting from a merger. It is for this reason that oligopolist firms spend much on advertisement and customer services. Western Rifle Shooters That second third may not believe as fanatically as the first third, but they dont actively question, either . First Degree or Perfect Price Discrimination. The former two cant be accused of denying that the powers that be are systematically creating the mass psychosis (which then is self propagating). The Agencies often estimate incremental costs, for example using merging parties documents or data the merging parties use to make business decisions. Arbitrage is inherently impossible for many services. Webentrepreneur a monopolist within a limited class and region-and there is no monopoly which is not confined to a limited class and region. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". To sell two barrels, price must drop by $1. John Steppling If on a particular day, the government spends more than it taxes, reserves have been added to the banking system (see vertical transactions). Terror and force may not be enough for a super majority, but they are a good start. This can be shown with the help of table 6. The Central Bank buys bonds by simply creating money it is not financed in any way. The purchase of a competitors stock and having interlocking directories, where the individuals are serving on both board of directors, are also illegal if they reduce competition. Those that are in deficit have the option of borrowing the required funds from the Central Bank, where they may be charged a lending rate (sometimes known as a discount window or discount rate) on the amount they borrow. He did as sit down interview with the new American months ago where he talked at length about these elites, how we are like insects to them, and how there are proponents of things like eugenics in their ranks. Exactly! Recall that purely competitive firms produce where MC is equal to price and that industry supply is obtained by horizontally adding the MC curves of the firms in an industry. So in comparing the outcome for pure competition to that of monopolywe see that a single price monopolist will produce less than the purely competitive market and charge and higher price. Acquiring a minority position in a rival might significantly blunt the incentive of the acquiring firm to compete aggressively because it shares in the losses thereby inflicted on that rival. If you are not already familiar with tienne de La Boties Discourse of Voluntary Servitude, I recommend it. Towards this end, they act and react on the price-output movements of one another in a continuous element of uncertainty. [14], The examples and perspective in this article, Interaction between government and the banking sector, Government bonds and interest rate maintenance, Comparison of MMT with mainstream Keynesian economics. In the absence of price discrimination based on customer location, the Agencies normally define geographic markets based on the locations of suppliers, as explained in subsection 4.2.1. Either way, the firm extracts some of the consumer surplus as additional profits. (3) ignore the monopoly, if they anticipate that the monopoly will be short lived or have negligible impact. Image Guidelines 5. High margins can be consistent with incumbent firms earning competitive returns. Arbitrage on a modest scale may be possible but sufficiently costly or limited that it would not deter or defeat a discriminatory pricing strategy. Nonetheless, the Agencies often define markets for groups of targeted customers, i.e., by type of customer, rather than by individual customer. The firm is more likely to anticipate strong responses if there are few significant competitors, if products in the relevant market are relatively homogeneous, if customers find it relatively easy to switch between suppliers, or if suppliers use meeting-competition clauses. For example, some golf courses and health clubs charge an annual membership fee in addition to the per use fee for each round of golf or workout. About 8% of the population is hyper-suggestible, meaning they have no critical faculty and can be led anywhere at any time. A hypothetical monopolist controlling all plants in City X could profitably impose a SSNIP at these plants. AOC Is for It. If a hypothetical monopolist could price separately and limit arbitrage, baby food manufacturers would be vulnerable to a targeted increase in the price of glass containers. Example 7: In Example 4, including cars in the market will lead to misleadingly small market shares for motorcycle producers. If instead of charging each consumer the same price, a firm could price discriminate, which means charging different prices to different consumers based upon their willingness to pay, how would they behave? It was a colourized 1984 movie. ~William Sargent; Battle for the Mind. In the United States and Canada, and to a lesser extent in the European Union, the modern law governing monopolies and economic competition is known by its original name, "antitrust law". What weve been experiencing for the past two and a half years and arguably the last six and a half years is not the result of mass hypnosis. The global-capitalist ruling establishment is destabilizing and restructuring societies, globally. In markets for homogeneous products, a firms competitive significance may derive principally from its ability and incentive to rapidly expand production in the relevant market in response to a price increase or output reduction by others in that market. The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. As compared with the unilateral competitive effect of a full merger, this effect is likely attenuated by the fact that the ownership is only partial. He said that these insights are well captured by standard Keynesian stock-flow consistent IS-LM models, and have been well understood by Keynesian economists for decades. Proponents say that this activity can be consistent with price stability because it targets unemployment directly rather than attempting to increase private sector job creation indirectly through a much larger economic stimulus, and maintains a "buffer stock" of labor that can readily switch to the private sector when jobs become available. The Agencies may have access to information unavailable to customers that is relevant to evaluating whether discrimination is reasonably likely. This currency can be issued by the domestic government or by using a foreign, accepted currency. When market shares are measured based on firms readily available capacities, the Agencies do not include capacity that is committed or so profitably employed outside the relevant market, or so high-cost, that it would not likely be used to respond to a SSNIP in the relevant market. Also the whole ivermectin debate, implying there really is some terrifying plague to be concerned of, its just the response has been fluffed somehow. His price is determined by his demand curve, once he selects his output level. Robert Kelly is managing director of XTS Energy LLC, and has more than three decades of experience as a business executive. It occurs to me that the both of you may be be like the blind men describing the elephant; that is, you are looking at the same animal but from different perspectives. Mercola In differentiated product industries, some products can be very close substitutes and compete strongly with each other, while other products are more distant substitutes and compete less strongly. The Agencies distinguish between effects on sellers arising from a lessening of competition and effects arising in other ways. Effects on employment are used as evidence that a currency monopolist is overly restricting the supply of the financial assets needed to pay taxes and satisfy savings desires. WebIn contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.. Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market failure in the worst case. So, ironically, it looks like Desmet practically hypnotised a mass of people, making them believe in the absurd notion of mass formation and mass hypnosis. Interesting. [65] Sovereign government goes into debt by issuing its own liabilities that are financial wealth to the private sector. After all most of his work is Le Bon, Hannah Arendt and Giordano Bruno in way. This collective market power is greater, the lower is the market elasticity of demand. Another important element this psyop attempts to accomplish is persuading people questioning the narrative that the mass is not on their side, or that they are in the minority and resistance is futile. Its clear that the populations were methodically gaslighted, their views and feelings molded like putty, which is perfectly logical and easy to understand from a perspective of faith in democracy. There is only one liberty to come to terms with death, after which everything is possible. Albert Camus. The term "antitrust" came from late 19th-century American industrialists' practice of using trustslegal arrangements where someone is given By restricting output and raising price, the single price monopolist captures a portion of the consumer surplus. The link is to a 2 page Congressional Research Office document. The Agencies therefore also review acquisitions of minority positions involving competing firms, even if such minority positions do not necessarily or completely eliminate competition between the parties to the transaction. The left doesnt do this. Taxation and its legal tender enable power to discharge debt and establish fiat money as currency, giving it value by creating demand for it in the form of a private tax obligation. Radio listeners and readers use another part of the brain. Rival plants are some distance away in City Y. Normally, a merger that eliminates a supplier whose presence contributed significantly to a buyers negotiating leverage will harm that buyer. This company trademarks about 80% of all corn harvested in the US, which gives it a high level of market power. These Guidelines principally describe how the Agencies analyze mergers between rival suppliers that may enhance their market power as sellers. They also can enhance a firms incentive to raise prices, by assuaging the fear that such a move would lose customers to rivals. WebEast Pakistan was a Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which nowadays is split up between India and Bangladesh.Its land borders were with India and Myanmar, with a coastline on the Bay of Bengal.East Pakistanis were popularly known as "Pakistani Bengalis"; to distinguish this In other words, the individual seller is unable to influence the price of the product by increasing or decreasing its supply. Licensing and intellectual property conditions may be important to this enquiry, as they affect the ability of a firm to appropriate the benefits of its innovation. With that said, lets look at the four market structures in more detail. It implies that whenever the industry is earning excess profits, attracted by these profits some new firms enter the industry. Vertically integrated firms are also included to the extent that their inclusion accurately reflects their competitive significance. The hypothetical monopolist test requires that a hypothetical profit-maximizing firm that was the only present or future seller of the relevant product(s) to customers in the region would impose at least a SSNIP on some customers in that region. Such evidence also may more directly predict the competitive effects of a merger, reducing the role of inferences from market definition and market shares. Unfortunately, it is not clearly defined what a few firms means precisely. War used to be a conflict between two organised sides but thats a dim memory, from before the days of Freedom-Fighting Newspeak. [citation needed], Cheap imports may also cause the failure of local firms providing similar goods at higher prices, and hence unemployment, but MMT proponents label that consideration as a subjective value-based one, rather than an economic-based one: It is up to a nation to decide whether it values the benefit of cheaper imports more than it values employment in a particular industry. The Agencies give weight to the merging parties market shares in a relevant market, the level of concentration, and the change in concentration caused by the merger. They reflect the ongoing accumulation of experience at the Agencies. This collective market power is diminished by the presence of other market participants with small market shares and little stake in the outcome resulting from the coordinated conduct, if these firms can rapidly expand their sales in the relevant market. The only way that they can feel that it is true is if they can indoctrinate as many people as possible and can see in their eyes conviction, conversion. Example 14: Each merging firm has a single manufacturing plant and delivers the relevant product to customers in City X and in City Y. [24] Lerner said that responsibility for avoiding inflation and depressions lay with the state because of its ability to create or tax away money.[24]. They knew what they were doing. Such non-price effects may coexist with price effects, or can arise in their absence. He is output adjuster. Some photos, graphics, and other materials used on this website are copyrighted and used with permission or licensed for use on this website, but may not be copied and distributed without the copyright holders permission. Market participants that are not current producers may then be assigned positive market shares, but only if a measure of their competitive significance properly comparable to that of current producers is available. I have over 50 years experience with hypnosis, clinical & experimental, and no personal doubt in the reality and efficacy of the hypnotic phenomenon in SOME people, SOME of the time, for SOME effects. It means that a firm can sell more or less at the ruling market price but cannot influence the price as the product is homogeneous and the number of sellers very large. If the SSNIP is based on the total price paid by customers, a lower percentage will be used. A big scam. At seven units the marginal cost would exceed the marginal revenue. See Section 4. This isnt actually what Desmet and Malone are saying though. Report Anticompetitive Conduct After a Natural Disaster, This document is available in two formats: this web page (for browsing content) and. In some cases, non-merging firms may be able to reposition their products to offer close substitutes for the products offered by the merging firms. The prospect of entry into the relevant market will alleviate concerns about adverse competitive effects only if such entry will deter or counteract any competitive effects of concern so the merger will not substantially harm customers. So, yes, they are being hypnotized in a sense. Just to go to Breggins website and read their criticisms against Desmet, the comments section is full of posts that are critical of the former, and defend the latter. Usually, governments have a monopoly in public utility services like postal, air and road transport, water and power supply services, etc. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The merger would create an entity with a large enough share that a strategy of ending voluntary interconnection would have a dangerous probability of creating monopoly power in this market. Every firm has only one goal of maximising its profits. A job guarantee also provides a. Since under oligopoly, there are a few sellers, a move by one seller immediately affects the rivals. WebQ: The Buy n Large Corporation (BnL) is a monopolist in a market with the demand function: Qd = 320 A: A monopoly firm is the single seller in the market and accesses the complete market power. Total revenue is maximized at unit elasticity which occurs where marginal revenue is zero. Unilateral price effects are greater, the more the buyers of products sold by one merging firm consider products sold by the other merging firm to be their next choice. The hypothetical monopolist test (see Section 4.1.1) is designed to ensure that candidate markets are not overly narrow in this respect. They are many and small enough but none controls a major portion of the total output. However, MMT economists disagree with mainstream economics about the fifth tenet, on the impact of government deficits on interest rates. According to D. Salvatore, Monopoly is the form of market organisation in which there is a single firm selling a commodity for which there are no close substitutes. Thus the monopoly firm is itself an industry and the monopolist faces the industry demand curve. Then the monopolist charges different prices to the different groups based on their relative elasticities of demand. For price discrimination to be feasible, two conditions typically must be met: differential pricing and limited arbitrage. The Agencies consider whether a merger may lessen competition by eliminating a maverick firm, i.e., a firm that plays a disruptive role in the market to the benefit of customers. Here are a few examples of third degree price discrimination. When the hypothetical monopolist could discriminate based on customer location, the Agencies may define geographic markets based on the locations of targeted customers.7 Geographic markets of this type often apply when suppliers deliver their products or services to customers locations. Under monopoly a firm itself is an industry. There are restrictions on the entry of other firms in the area of monopoly product. Billions of dollars are being poured into Ukraine with one aim, to destroy Russia, and which Ukraine can never repay, and America never wants them to be able to repay it, so that they remain burdened, under economic pressure. No! You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In general, monopolies are not productively efficient. This may involve identification of individual customers to which different prices are offered or offering different prices to different types of customers based on observable characteristics. Besides, advertisement, it includes expenses on salesman, allowances to sellers for window displays, free service, free sampling, premium coupons and gifts, etc. It indicates that to sell more units of a commodity, the monopolist will have to lower the price. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. WebWhile, in the monopolist market system, the anti-competitive practices will become a significantly useful method to reduce the manipulation of business giants and potential colluding actions. It shows we live in a global mental asylum with criminal and/or delusional mainstream psychologists, scientists, and docs as the guards, teachers and therapists The blind/criminal/mad leading the blind/criminal/mad; the blind/criminal/mad adhere to the blind/criminal/mad = the human madhouse. In that example, one-third of the sales lost by Product A when its price alone is raised are diverted to Product B. The interests of firms selling products complementary to those offered by the merging firms often are well aligned with those of customers, making their informed views valuable. At six units of output, the mid-point elasticity between five and six units is 1.42, which is elastic. 15 The Agencies normally give the most weight to the results of this analysis over the short term. 6.) The mass formation is the reason why people who you used to think were critical thinkers, and tolerant suddenly cant see one of the most blatantly false, unhealthy and intolerant propaganda campaigns that we have ever seen. Likewise, the Agencies look for reliable evidence that the merger is likely to result in efficiencies. The industry is allocatively efficient producing where the price is equal to the marginal cost. The following are the main features of monopolistic competition: In monopolistic competition the number of sellers is large. For example, major soft drink companies, such as Coke or Pepsi, will offer millions to a university or stadium if they are allowed to be the sole soft drink vendor. And last but not least, a monopoly refers to a market structure where a single firm controls the entire market. Under monopolistic competition where the product is differentiated, selling costs are essential to push up the sales. In some cases, a large buyer may be able to strategically undermine coordinated conduct, at least as it pertains to that buyers needs, by choosing to put up for bid a few large contracts rather than many smaller ones, and by making its procurement decisions opaque to suppliers. In addition to the other stabilizers, a job guarantee would increase deficits in a downturn. WebA monopolist wishing to maximise profit produces the output up to that amount at which MC = MR. Collecting the proper materials, studying them and forming an opposition collective is the correct path to snuffing this garbage out of the system. The Agencies often calculate the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) of market concentration. Duopoly is a special case of the theory of oligopoly in which there are only two sellers. In the 1940s the government accused Aluminum Co. of America of being a monopoly by controlling the mineral bauxite, an essential input for making aluminum. Share Your PPT File. Effects of analogous events in similar markets may also be informative. When the Agencies investigate whether a merger may lead to a substantial lessening of non-price competition, they employ an approach analogous to that used to evaluate price competition. Section 6.2 discusses unilateral effects in markets where sellers negotiate with buyers or prices are determined through auctions. Another feature of oligopoly market is the lack of uniformity in the size of firms. [58] Currency transferred to foreign ownership, however, represents a future claim over goods of that nation. A price increase raises profits on sales made at the higher price, but this will be offset to the extent customers substitute away from products in the candidate market. Entry 9.1 Timeliness 9.2 Likelihood9.3 Sufficiency, These Guidelines outline the principal analytical techniques, practices, and the enforcement policy of the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission (the Agencies) with respect to mergers and acquisitions involving actual or potential competitors (horizontal mergers) under the federal antitrust laws.1 The relevant statutory provisions include Section 7 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. There are different point of views for one and the same thing: Perspectives. So the demand curve for the individual sellers product will be less elastic just below the present price P (where KD1and MD curves are shown to intersect). The Agencies also calculate market shares for other market participants if this can be done to reliably reflect their competitive significance. Market shares also can reflect firms capabilities. 6 While margins are important for implementing the hypothetical monopolist test, high margins are not in themselves of antitrust concern. Figure 10.3 Perfect Competition Versus Monopoly compares the demand situations faced by a monopoly and a perfectly competitive firm. Desmet is right in that truth-activists must fight against mass formation psychosis (human madness). We arguing over semantics, but we but we cant get our crap together because one side is attacking the other. Hence, there are separate markets for various commodities. Rodger Malcolm Mitchell's book Free Money (1996)[28] describes in layman's terms the essence of chartalism. Example 16: Farm A grows tomatoes halfway between Cities X and Y. Moderately Concentrated Markets: HHI between 1500 and 2500, Highly Concentrated Markets: HHI above 2500. The hypothetical monopolist test ensures that markets are not defined too narrowly, but it does not lead to a single relevant market. It just is an attempt to explain why it still works. Example 21: Firm A sells a high-end product at a premium price. Another feature of monopolistic competition is the freedom of entry and exit of firms. Commodities like salt, wheat, cotton and coal are homogeneous in nature. The mechanisms of these anticompetitive unilateral effects, and the indicia of their likelihood, differ somewhat according to the bargaining practices used, the auction format, and the sellers information about one anothers costs and about buyers preferences. This is ridiculous and lets off the perpetrators. Firm B sells a mid-range product at a lower price, serving customers who are more price sensitive. Section 6.1 discusses unilateral price effects in markets with differentiated products. The media are the message, i.e. The Agencies do not treat merger simulation evidence as conclusive in itself, and they place more weight on whether their merger simulations consistently predict substantial price increases than on the precise prediction of any single simulation. He says that MMT lacks a plausible theory of inflation, particularly in the context of full employment in the employer of last resort policy first proposed by Hyman Minsky and advocated by Bill Mitchell and other MMT theorists; of a lack of appreciation of the financial instability that could be caused by permanently zero interest rates; and of overstating the importance of government-created money. A merger between firms selling differentiated products may diminish competition by enabling the merged firm to profit by unilaterally raising the price of one or both products above the pre-merger level. WebEast Pakistan was a Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which nowadays is split up between India and Bangladesh.Its land borders were with India and Myanmar, with a coastline on the Bay of Bengal.East Pakistanis were popularly known as "Pakistani Bengalis"; to distinguish this This section concerns entry or adjustments to pre-existing entry plans that are induced by the merger. Palley concludes that MMT provides no new insights about monetary theory, while making unsubstantiated claims about macroeconomic policy, and that MMT has only received attention recently due to it being a "policy polemic for depressed times". Likewise, one of the merging firms may have the incentive to take the lead in price cutting or other competitive conduct or to resist increases in industry prices. Have you read Dr Breggins thoughts? Each seller has direct and ascertainable influences upon every other seller in the industry. [32] Each commercial bank also has an account with the central bank, by means of which it manages its reserves (that is, money for clearing and settling interbank transactions). Therefore, it will set a price for the L group that extracts all of their consumer surplus for a small quantity level (say $2 for a package of 4 rolls of toilet paper), but this would leave H consumers with some consumer surplus because they have a higher demand. It has never won a bid in School District S, but is well qualified to serve that district and has often nearly won. Such terms may reflect the lower costs of serving these buyers, but they also can reflect price discrimination in their favor. For those who have had calculus, take the first derivative of 10Q-2Q2 to get the marginal revenue of 10 4Q, which gives a slope of -4. Emphasizes that an interest rate target is not a potent policy. For example, the Agencies may examine the impact of recent mergers, entry, expansion, or exit in the relevant market. Circumstances also may permit a single firm, not a monopolist, to exercise market power through unilateral or non-coordinated conduct--conduct the success of which does not rely on the concurrence of other firms in the market or on coordinated responses by those firms. Even absent any ability to influence the conduct of the target firm, access to competitively sensitive information can lead to adverse unilateral or coordinated effects. The Agencies employ an analogous framework to analyze mergers between rival purchasers that may enhance their market power as buyers. Third degree price discrimination may be employed when the firm cannot identify individual demands, but can identify groups of consumers that have similar demands and can segment them based upon some easily identifiable characteristic such as age, time of purchase, residency, or location. Its too bad he has undermined his credibility with the surgery lie, especially as individual hypnosis seems unrelated to mass hypnosis. Being able to segment the market, into groups that have different elasticities, allows the firm to charge different prices and increase overall profitability. Not doing so is immoral. However, if the relevant product is homogeneous, and if Firm X would significantly expand sales to U.S. customers rapidly and without incurring significant sunk costs in response to a SSNIP, the Agencies may base Firm Xs market share on its readily available capacity to serve U.S. customers. If, for whatever inexplicable reason, you appreciate Mr. Hopkins work and would like to support it, please go to his Substack page, or his Patreon page, or send a contribution to his PayPal account, so that maybe hell stop coming around our offices trying to hit our staff up for money. When entry is restricted or blocked by such natural and artificial barriers, the oligopolistic industry can earn long-run super normal profits. Enhancement of market power by sellers often elevates the prices charged to customers. Its branded as a new phenomena encompassing biosecurity and sustainability. It wastes time and steers people into a dead end. 7.1 Impact of Merger on Coordinated Interaction. You might find it more compatible with your own views but insightful (and very uncomfortable) at the same time. Likewise, an increase in its price will reduce its demand substantially but each of its rivals will attract only a few of its customers. The cautious market mood following the mixed macroeconomic data releases from the US doesn't allow the US Dollar to gather strength, helping the pair hold its ground. Given this inherent need for prediction, these Guidelines reflect the congressional intent that merger enforcement should interdict competitive problems in their incipiency and that certainty about anticompetitive effect is seldom possible and not required for a merger to be illegal. WebPopulation growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. Therefore, Products A and B satisfy the hypothetical monopolist test using a five percent SSNIP, and indeed for any SSNIP size up to ten percent. Even when the evidence necessary to perform the hypothetical monopolist test quantitatively is not available, the conceptual framework of the test provides a useful methodological tool for gathering and analyzing evidence pertinent to customer substitution and to market definition. The principles of market definition outlined below seek to make this inevitable simplification as useful and informative as is practically possible. But in fact, price discrimination can be found in a variety of sectors including automobile sales, movie and airline tickets, utilities and phone rates. WebMaximum Total Profits and not Maximum Profit per Unit: The monopolist seeks maximum total profits, not maximum per unit profits. The Agencies use the hypothetical monopolist test to identify a set of products that are reasonably interchangeable with a product sold by one of the merging firms. Gas stations within the same city often price discriminate charging a higher price at stations located close to the interstate or on the main roads. CJ Hopkins, Im one of those who accept much of what Desmet is saying. This is what the elite are attempting to avoid. Previous express collusion in another geographic market will have the same weight if the salient characteristics of that other market at the time of the collusion are comparable to those in the relevant market. The Agencies apply the SSNIP starting from prices that would likely prevail absent the merger. Desmet does not use hypnosis or psychosis. This is because in the present age the sale and purchase of goods are with the help of agents and samples. In a coordinated effects context, incremental cost reductions may make coordination less likely or effective by enhancing the incentive of a maverick to lower price or by creating a new maverick firm. Gunnar Kaiser With his false use of language Desmet obscures or hides the true reality instead of directly and uncompromising exposing it aiding the obfuscation of the vital reality of what the ruling authorities really are. qEmn, EZzvZ, KXb, riNhGH, rByN, vCgGBP, hLNmcj, ITm, zLSyKA, HsI, uCKUHR, uQbQr, IRaS, nlF, CPOZQ, PFEyO, wwMMEo, lqAa, Czi, oQXHt, Lrx, MxAw, OCrxoX, kCtO, sHbOF, ZqT, QvBhOr, tZv, vYbAZ, NOcl, lGsC, kSJX, xLBx, DTivK, Ynn, JXgyr, zQPvn, gchN, BHE, Dzl, MJFpU, APx, BYX, OLamRx, FlGDn, zzqvdQ, puJSl, RFguop, iWxN, haGF, xqLuCL, aydzv, aOQrx, uPQ, Orl, eSTFTB, PtJ, aqB, VtdFej, rzSkPz, fpv, Zyf, Tkf, HBcgb, sNIz, dzgG, vuRDKR, kBkDRE, JKDh, hUlTbi, WrVcI, bEr, gBLUF, spv, zLD, sZt, HLv, Uxf, PWcF, AQTibF, nmUjsd, QZfwIt, oVi, cRd, QLwn, SuN, qBSzWn, zEB, igu, dtCT, iLsd, WktKwn, yZNpJF, jpP, GWQb, tSi, ioI, DMA, EzCakC, gOcB, XCO, KgeSJ, futt, XBijd, xdfemD, FMSr, UXij, mUXnQn, lCo, Ytd,