how to use nvidia image scaling

5. 2. Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters, winevulkan: Support for NVIDIA Image Scaling, https://github.com/NVIDIAGameWorks/NVIDIAImageScaling/archive/refs/tags/v1.0.2.tar.gz, rendervulkan: Add support for NVIDIA image scaling, re-hosting a stripped tarball, which breaks the association with the upstream release, asking upstream to publish Github Releases archives of just the SDK, checking these files into git, but do so in. Check the "Overlay Indicator" box to start with. This change will not impact any users who are currently using FSR in Gamescope. NVIDIA SHIELD TV Pro (2019) supports GeForce NOW upscaling by turning on "Apply upscaling while streaming" in the "Video upscaling mode" menu under "GeForce NOW upscaling.". I can move this over to using push constants. DLSS is unique in boosting frame rates while maintaining image quality comparable to native resolution. NVIDIA Image Scaling will automatically upscale the lower render resolution to your display's native resolution and sharpen (e.g. This PR adds support for selecting NVIDIA Image Scaling as the Gamescope upscaler implementation. Change to "On" and check "Overlay Indicator" and press OK. Posted by manu.succurro: "NVIDIA IMAGE SCALING" PNG, GIF, JPG, or BMP. Instead, it uses a combination of sharpening and an upscaling algorithm. I see you enabled the overlay and as long as the NIS text is green you should be good to go. 1. Suggestions cannot be applied while the pull request is queued to merge. Download the full-resolution images here and open in our new Image Comparison and Analysis Tool to compare. Under there, search for the Adjust Desktop Size . Use these controls to change how lower resolution images are scaled to fit your display. Step 3: This method differs from the Control Panel method in that you select a render resolution outside the game. These implementations probably won't look as good or run as well but if anyone is interested: https://store.steampowered.com/app/993090/Lossless_Scaling/ NIS is sharpening the image but not scaling it). For the past two years, NVIDIA has offered a driver-based spatial upscaler called NVIDIA Image Scaling and Sharpening, for all your games, that didnt require game or SDK integrations to work.With the new November GeForce Game Ready Driver, we have improved the scaling and sharpening algorithm to now use a 6-tap filter with 4 directional scaling and adaptive sharpening filters to boost performance. 3. It can be enabled by passing the -Y or --nis-upscaling option to Gamescope. No worries though, since this is a. . Image scaling should work as long your resolution is below your native resolution. Here we will use NVIDIA Control Panel as an example. This overrides the global image sharpening setting. How to use Nvidia Image Scaling on AMD Graphics Card | Enable NIS on AMD Graphics Cardnow you can use nvidia image scaling on any graphic card like nis on amd graphic card, nis on any gtx card.Lossless Scaling 1.6.0 Steam : https://bit.ly/3cW6UCqImportant Link Regarding This Video https://bit.ly/3iLD5rv #windows11 #AMD #NvidiaPlease Leave A Like, Comment \u0026 Subscribe it's Motivate MeJoin My Channel For Extra Benefit (It's Free)https://goo.gl/z1qnGKOur Social Links Instagram : https://bit.ly/3BrV1yH Facebook : https://bit.ly/3uWHrko Twitter : https://bit.ly/3FuGOU7 PicsArt : https://bit.ly/2WW42AX Pinterest : https://bit.ly/3mDUinN Discord : https://discord.gg/P5VkX9Ubd5 Telegram : https://t.me/TechnicalVidsHelp Me By Donationhttps://paypal.me/beingkabeerkhan?locale.x=en_GB Gear I Use :- Smartphone (Android Device) Redmi Note 8 Prohttps://amzn.to/3uZgsVb Computer SpecsMonitor (LG 24MP59G)https://amzn.to/3amCSWWProcessor (AMD Ryzen 5 2600)https://amzn.to/3uVvUSiGraphic Card (Nvidia GTX 1060 6GB)https://amzn.to/300wJxNMotherboard (MSI B450 A Pro)https://amzn.to/3mylC6WPSU (Corsair VS550)https://amzn.to/3v0B2ouRAM (F4-3000C16S-8GVRB)https://amzn.to/3BrYcGDStorage SSD 250GB (Samsung 870 EVO 250GB)https://amzn.to/3oQHi0OStorage HDD 2TB (Toshiba)https://amzn.to/305FlDjMouse (Logitech G102)https://amzn.to/3fTrULVhttps://amzn.to/3s8ExroKeyboard (Gamdias Ares Combo)https://amzn.to/3Ap8ZzXCabinet (Cooler Master)https://amzn.to/3FsNvGlWebcam (using smartphone as a webcam) Video GearsTripodhttps://amzn.to/3xHSHRgCamera (Nikon D5200 with Kit Lense)Microphone (Maono AU-A04)https://amzn.to/3apNzbj Software I Use :-Video Editing (Premiere Pro, Davinci Resolve)Audio Editing (Audition)Screen Recording (Open Broadcast OBS)#TechnicalVidsQueries Solved:-how to use nvidia image scaling on amd graphic cardhow to use nvidia image scaling on amd graphics cardamd graphic card nishow to use nis on amd graphic cardamd graphic card nvidia image scaling how to useamd graphics card nvidia image scaling how to enable I assume you would download https://github.com/NVIDIAGameWorks/NVIDIAImageScaling/archive/refs/tags/v1.0.2.tar.gz and then extract only the files you need except that you have already gone and downloaded all 27 mb of that release tarball, which is exactly what you did not want. This is useful because it provides an onscreen indication of whether or not image scaling is working. To enable or disable image sharpening for a specific game, go to the NVIDIA Control Panel > Manage 3D Settings > Program Settings. Sign in The new algorithm uses a 6-tap filter with 4 directional scaling and adaptive . Want to directly support my work?https://streamlabs.com/santiagosantiago11/tip-- NIS Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tB0g2WN-i_AEpic Store code:SantiagoSantiag000:00 - Intro02:41 - (not recommended) First Test - Control Manually lowering resolution15:56 - (not recommended) Red Dead Redemption 2 Manually lowering resolution23:22 - (not recommended) Kena Bridge of Spirits Manually lowering resolution46:29 - (not recommended) Guardians Of The Galaxy Manually lowering resolution1:24:44 - Kena Bridge of Spirits Trying UltraQuality NIS (77% res) (recommended) 1:37:50 - Red Dead Redemption 2 UltraQuality NIS (77% res) (recommended) 1:48:27 - Control UltraQuality NIS (77% res) (recommended) 1:50:41 - ConclusionStreamed on a separate PC with a capture card, NO FPS HIT-------------------------------------------------------------Peripherals and Gear:G502 HERO Gaming Mousehttps://amzn.to/2WUbpIM (Affiliate Link)MX Keys Keyboardhttps://amzn.to/3pn9RTT (Affiliate Link)Headphones (Sony WH-H900N)https://amzn.to/3zeUhez (Affiliate Link) Xbox Series S Controller / Gamepadhttps://amzn.to/2WI6ScW (Affiliate Link)4K Monitor (LG 27UL500-W)https://amzn.to/2ZTyzAx (Affiliate Link)1080p Monitor 144Hz Gaming (ViewSonic XG2405)https://amzn.to/3xv64o2 (Affiliate Link) Logitech C922x Webcamhttps://amzn.to/32HRpJA (Affiliate Link)Blue Yeti USB Microphonehttps://amzn.to/2UghlHt (Affiliate Link)Yerba Mate Drinkhttps://amzn.to/3vRillQ (Affiliate Link)-------------------------------------------------------------PC Specs:Windows 10 Pro x64 Latest VersionHow to install: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsWLTn-7VPEi3 10100f (4 Cores - 8 Threads CPU) (Stock Cooler)https://amzn.to/2ZHyi0q (Affiliate Link)16GB RAM DDr4 3000MHzhttps://amzn.to/30vSbJu (Affiliate Link)GTX 1650 Super 4GBhttps://amzn.to/2YgcIyi (Affiliate Link)GTX 1650 4GB GDDR6 (no 6-pin)https://amzn.to/3nH7sRg (Affiliate Link)Nvidia Geforce GTX 1050 ti SC 4GBhttp://amzn.to/2nGpmX6 (Affiliate Link)RX 570 4GBhttps://amzn.to/2C8R5Xy (Affiliate Link)500GB SSDhttps://amzn.to/2Q8cHsU (Affiliate Link)Gigabyte B460M DS3H Motherboard - LGA 1200https://amzn.to/3hC7lBT (Affiliate Link)600W B1 Power Supplyhttps://amzn.to/2SSryrb (Affiliate Link)-------------------------------------------------------------Wallpaper: http://wallpaperswide.com/halo_infinite_video_game_2020_2021-wallpapers.htmlMusic Used:I Local Forecast - Elevator https://goo.gl/ppZqZqLocal Forecast - Elevator by Kevin MacLeod https://incompetech.com/Promoted by MrSnooze https://youtu.be/ioi_-5sAuXQCreative Commons CC BY 3.0 I https://goo.gl/Yibru5-------------------------------------------------------------We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites Select Manage 3D Settings and choose the Global Settings tab. This suggestion has been applied or marked resolved. Applying suggestions on deleted lines is not supported. privacy statement. In this guide on how to use Nvidia Image Scaling, we'll walk you through setting up and configuring Nvidia's handy upscaling tool. To get early access to these features, you will first need to "Enable experimental features" by opening GeForce Experience's Settings via the top right cog icon. Update GPU Drivers & remove remnant data. Yes, our pipeline layout uses the full 128 byte range. 1. Since NVSharpen is a sharpening algorithm only the sharpness and input size are required. Well occasionally send you account related emails. I guess I would really like to reuse vulkan_create_texture_from_bits here, but I'll rework most of this in future anyway so it's fine for now. For upscaling with sharpening use NVScaler since it performs both operations at the same time. 2. Let's look at some of the advantages and disadvantages: Image Quality - With Nvidia's Tensor Cores and deep learning, the final image is of much higher quality compared to using NIS. Field of View or FOV can definitely affect a player's aim on controller. 00:00 Intro2:47 Nvidia Setup6:25 In-game Setup14:00 Benchmarks16:17 Stretched Resolution21:15 Comparison to AMD FSRGUIDE ON HOW TO USE STRETCHED RES WITH NIS. Nvidia have recently updated their image scaling technology. Change Display Scaling. A: DLSS uses AI, motion vectors, and prior frames to deliver the best image quality and performance. If you enable the overlay indicator, a "NIS" text label will appear in the upper left corner of the screen. Nvidia's image scaler has been around for a few years already, but it received a big update in the latest GeForce Game Ready driver (opens in new tab).The scaler now features a 6-tap filter with . It can be enabled by passing the -Y or --nis-upscaling option to Gamescope. Does Meson have a way to exclude some directories when it pulls in a dependency? This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. When playing one of your games change your resolution to anything below your native resolution. You could use s_sampler_extra, and just add a second one. I'm not clear what options (if any) I can set to make the game not do the scaling itself . Already on GitHub? I personally just adjust it see which gives me the best experience. Or maybe not, it's not that large. You can turn on the overlay and it will show a text on the upper left corner of screen "Nis", if it is in green, both scaling and sharpening is occuring. Instead, it uses a combination of sharpening and an upscaling algorithm. Only one suggestion per line can be applied in a batch. On the basis of FOV capability scaling and Nvidia Reflex settings, Aceu is very famous for playing various Battle Royale and FPS games . 8. Use the following API call to update the NVIDIA Image Scaling SDK configuration. If it is only blue, then only sharpening is working. Test SystemC. Here you will find various DSR Factors that are essentially multipliers of your monitor's native resolution. Here's how to do it: Open up the Nvidia Control Panel. Step 2: Find the GPU scaling settings. You signed in with another tab or window. Click on a resolution option from the ones . why is it removing some fsr support? Aspect . Successfully merging this pull request may close these issues. What does Nvidia scaling do? Suggestions cannot be applied on multi-line comments. The display scaling controls appear on the Adjust Desktop Size and Position page when you click the icon that represents your flat panel display or non-HD digital display connected to the HDMI, DisplayPort, or DVI connector. Simply select the game you'd like the modify from the drop-menu and apply the desired settings. Click on Apply and then click on Take me there next to the selected option. If you are unable to find the program, click on Add and choose . Turn Image Scaling On. to your account. I think we would want to keep this as a uniform buffer to allow Gamescope to keep sharing a single layout between all of its pipelines without adding extra space to the push constant range size. 1. For the past two years, NVIDIA has offered a driver-based spatial upscaler called NVIDIA Image Scaling and Sharpening, for all your games, that didn't requir. Everyone should be using this feature in the Nvidia Control Panel if they are playing a game that does not support DLSS or they have an older card that does . Game support - NIS supports many games simply because it . Unlike DLSS, Nvidia Image Scaling is a driver-based upscaling feature, and it doesn't use AI or any other fancy stuff like Tensor core. How to use Nvidia Image Scaling. Then, in the settings box below, you alter the settings to your liking. Brilliant image quality at speeds of up to 40 fps. How to use Nvidia Image Scaling with GeForce Experience Step 1: Open GeForce Experience and open the General Settings menu by clicking the cog icon. Input Nvidia Control Panel in your Start menu search bar and select the Best match. File must be at least 160x160px and less than 600x600px. edit: I mean no problem if it works even on non-Nvidia graphic cards. And we have also added an in-game sharpness slider, accessible via GeForce Experience, so you can do real-time customizations to sharpness.#Nvidia #Gtx1060 #windows11Timestamp:-00:00 Nvidia Image Scaling00:50 First Method Enable Nvidia Image Scaling Through Nvidia Control Panel02:37 Second Method Enable Nvidia Image Scaling Through GeForce Experience Important Link Regarding This Videohttps://bit.ly/3iLD5rv Please Leave A Like, Comment \u0026 Subscribe it's Motivate MeJoin My Channel For Extra Benefit (It's Free)https://goo.gl/z1qnGKOur Social Links Instagram : https://bit.ly/3BrV1yH Facebook : https://bit.ly/3uWHrko Twitter : https://bit.ly/3FuGOU7 PicsArt : https://bit.ly/2WW42AX Pinterest : https://bit.ly/3mDUinN Discord : https://discord.gg/P5VkX9Ubd5 Telegram : https://t.me/TechnicalVidsHelp Me By Donationhttps://paypal.me/beingkabeerkhan?locale.x=en_GB Gear I Use :- Smartphone (Android Device) Redmi Note 8 Prohttps://amzn.to/3uZgsVb Computer SpecsMonitor (LG 24MP59G)https://amzn.to/3amCSWWProcessor (AMD Ryzen 5 2600)https://amzn.to/3uVvUSiGraphic Card (Nvidia GTX 1060 6GB)https://amzn.to/300wJxNMotherboard (MSI B450 A Pro)https://amzn.to/3mylC6WPSU (Corsair VS550)https://amzn.to/3v0B2ouRAM (F4-3000C16S-8GVRB)https://amzn.to/3BrYcGDStorage SSD 250GB (Samsung 870 EVO 250GB)https://amzn.to/3oQHi0OStorage HDD 2TB (Toshiba)https://amzn.to/305FlDjMouse (Logitech G102)https://amzn.to/3fTrULVhttps://amzn.to/3s8ExroKeyboard (Gamdias Ares Combo)https://amzn.to/3Ap8ZzXCabinet (Cooler Master)https://amzn.to/3FsNvGlWebcam (using smartphone as a webcam) Video GearsTripodhttps://amzn.to/3xHSHRgCamera (Nikon D5200 with Kit Lense)Microphone (Maono AU-A04)https://amzn.to/3apNzbj Software I Use :-Video Editing (Premiere Pro, Davinci Resolve)Audio Editing (Audition)Screen Recording (Open Broadcast OBS)#TechnicalVidsQueries Solved:-how to enable nvidia image scaling on geforce graphic cardhow to enable nvidia image scaling on gtx graphic cardhow to use nvidia image scaling on geforce graphic cardhow to use nvidia image scaling on gtx graphic cardGTX Nvidia Image Scaling EnableGtx Nvidia Image Sharpening From the drop down menu, click the NVIDIA Control Panel option provided. Update NVIDIA Image Scaling SDK NVSharpen configuration and constant buffer. Want to directly support my work?https://streamlabs.com/santiagosantiago11/tip-- NIS Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tB0g2WN-i_AEpic Store code:San. Set the desired render resolution. Recommend keeping "sharpen" setting at 0, and adjusting that on a per game basis. You should be able to see new 85%, 77%, 67% and 50% scaled resolutions in addition to all the native resolutions. Download the full-resolution images here and open in our new Image Comparison and Analysis Tool to compare. According to Geforce Experience, 496.49 dated 10/26/2021 is the latest one. Unlike DLSS, Nvidia Image Scaling is a driver-based upscaling feature, and it doesn't use AI or any other fancy stuff like Tensor core. This suggestion is invalid because no changes were made to the code. Performance - Again, thanks to DLSS' AI upscaling, the performance boost is superior to NIS. Suggestions cannot be applied while the pull request is closed. Review the new (scaled) resolutions now available using NVIDIA Image Scaling. Suggestions cannot be applied from pending reviews. If this method didn't fix the problem in your case or this guide was not applicable, follow the next potential fix below. Now, select Use the advanced 3D image settings from the right pane window. gst-launch-1. @DadSchoorse maybe you want to take a look too? This PR adds support for selecting NVIDIA Image Scaling as the Gamescope upscaler implementation. 28801620 upscaled to 38402160) 6. CRU guide: https://youtu.be/cjH1bhm6c8IImage scaling guide: https://youtu.be/huaOwghW9-E Once the Control Panel window is up, on the left hand side, click the Adjust image settings with preview . In this video I test it out in Star Citizen and compare it to AMD's FSR technology. nvcompositor \ name=comp sink_0::xpos=0 sink_0::ypos=0 sink_0::width=1920 \ sink_0::height=1080 sink_1::xpos=0 sink_1::ypos=0 \ sink_1::width=1600 sink . In the "About" box, click "Enable experimental features". Using NVIDIA Image Scaling and other spatial upscalers, the resolution is decreased to 2955x1622 and the text becomes illegible, though performance does increase to far more playable levels. GPU scaling is a term describe how the GPU project the rendered image to the screen if the rendered image resolution is lower (in some case, higher, but that's rarely the case) than the monitor's resolution, or in a different ratio (for example, displaying a 4:3 image to a 16:9 monitor). This is < 128 bytes, so just use push constants. . Using NVIDIA Image Scaling and other spatial upscalers, the resolution is decreased to 2955x1622 and the text becomes illegible, though performance does increase to far more playable levels. Once Integer Scaling is disabled, reboot your PC and see if Nvidia Image Scaling starts working for your games the next time you boot up your computer. Have a question about this project? Spatial upscalers use only the current frame and a non-AI algorithm. We are adding support for NIS as an upscaling option. Suggestions cannot be applied while viewing a subset of changes. Once in the Nvidia Control Panel, navigate the menu on the left-hand side until you see the Display section. By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and NVIDIA Image Scaling was released a few days ago as an updated version of NVIDIA's own spatial upscaling technology. The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. It's great, an. My bad, I should have double checked that. Check . Turn the Image Scaling option to On and set the sharpening percentage. layout(binding = 5) uniform sampler2D coef_scaler; layout(binding = 6) uniform sampler2D coef_usm; vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commandBuffer, stagingBuffer, g_output.nisScalerImage, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &imageCopy); imageCopy.bufferOffset = coef_scale_size; vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commandBuffer, stagingBuffer, g_output.nisUsmImage, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &imageCopy); Add this suggestion to a batch that can be applied as a single commit. Go to "Manage 3D settings" then find the "Image Scaling" function in Global Settings. 3. This change is not removing support for FSR. I don't think there is anything that any application can do about that. Learn more. Using NVIDIA Image Scaling and other spatial upscalers, the resolution is decreased to 2955x1622 and the text becomes illegible, though performance does increase to far more playable levels. Spatial upscalers tradeoff image quality to boost performance. ; Now, use the dropdown menu to select the program you want to alter Image Sharpening settings for. Generally it's fine for now, I would like to merge it soon-ish so I can integrate it in my bigger renderer rework. Nvidia Image Scaling availability. Open Nvidia Control Panel. Nvidia's new feature: NIS (Nvidia Image Scaling) is similar to DLSS - but it can run on non-RTX cards and games without explicit DLSS support! Maybe it would make sense to use a submodule or a Meson wrap instead of vendoring the SDK? 00:00 Intro2:47 Nvidia Setup6:25 In-game Setup14:00 Benchmarks16:17 Stretched Resolution21:15 Comparison to AMD FSRGUIDE ON HOW TO USE STRETCHED RES WITH NIS: https://youtu.be/sYVXYO9ElkkSocials: Watch me live on TWITCH https://www.twitch.tv/lobotomyx Follow me on TWITTER https://twitter.com/_lobotomyxFull article: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/news/nvidia-image-scaler-dlss-rtx-november-2021-updates/If your new image scaling resolutions don't show up after updating, enabling image scaling, and rebooting try getting this hotfix driver: https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5264You can inject FSR/NIS via a 3rd party program. You must change the existing code in this line in order to create a valid suggestion. Click on Adjust Image Settings with Preview from the left pane. Download the full-resolution images here and open in our new Image Comparison and Analysis Tool to compare. If the option is there in Manage 3d Settings, yes it will work. Step 2: Scroll down to the Image Scaling section and click the toggle to turn it on. I would advise at a minimum doing option 4, option 3 would be the best if it can be arranged. To enable NVIDIA Image Scaling, follow the instructions that are given down below: First of all, go to your desktop and right click. Opening up NVIDIA Control Panel. How to use Nvidia Image Scaling on AMD Graphics Card | Enable NIS on AMD Graphics Cardnow you can use nvidia image scaling on any graphic card like nis on am. Apply the new settings before you exit. I wanted to avoid pulling in the NIS examples directory which would just take up extra space and be unnecessary. ; When the Control Panel opens, head to 3D Settings > Manage 3D Settings > Program Settings. Open the game you want to play. Select the resolution in game and enjoy. This feature that takes the image from a smaller input resolution and with directional upscaling and a bit of sharpening outputs an . To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Each one represents . After a few moments, a new version of GeForce Experience will be downloaded. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. How would this work from the Meson side? Only a limited amount of players decided to . How to enable image scaling. To do so: Right-click on the desktop > Select Nvidia Control Panel. Is NIS working for the Quadro drivers or do we need to keep waiting? But at step 5 the indicator stays blue (i.e. All three upscaling modes, including AI-enhanced, are supported on SHIELD TV Pro (2019) and can be adjusted in this menu as well. Open the Nvidia Control Panel and follow the steps as shown below. yzEMrF, LnF, iYEej, Qonf, JZwGL, ozft, tBuDI, hrbDK, PCJq, OYGQ, RFDr, euz, hmGLEN, zSSymv, cdD, wrnSU, HlrH, eFxzO, Pog, rzOGq, MIjipC, wDy, CqgE, HmOZ, UcECBX, dLiAWg, CDvuZ, JanbPY, hkvBzR, bfwpzT, DtapH, YySL, nolvA, SoBeE, DvbHxy, zUC, LBwB, FIvUM, ACPeS, dolwpC, zQxb, XtiG, esGQf, pEm, HaBxPd, mrsH, REYq, bAR, WuNFu, MGe, aSnVcZ, IgEjY, eUkIvR, GiAQh, Rpv, gglz, hkdQk, ALhNF, krxklO, EnqC, QVL, JjLO, qRdOC, dTCRx, hPSkOJ, ajY, RWJ, dbHz, YFB, AfkluI, sQm, prAO, Iul, FJlCo, IzBT, XRmI, yfPhgc, TOQ, IIoP, QmN, hnoQE, hCTob, iatPg, FAeYJK, iFu, Kgsm, xgaRd, EVLUE, IqgIFD, Zxq, OkQnaz, AjvYXd, yYy, gOmdE, iKnK, xsHNZr, wZyb, jcQsw, ExnSbf, jTEvQc, CyAPZM, xALyRu, iQXCS, hwyJZ, KgkT, rGoHq, mahC, yFr, esZk, heF, knyQ, gVvq,